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Key individual tax changes from Trump's 'big beautiful' bill
Current law vs. final legislation
| Current law | Final legislation |
|---|---|
| Standard deduction | |
| $15,000 single; $30,000 married filing jointly for 2025 | $15,750 single; $31,500 married filing jointly for 2025 |
| 'Bonus' deduction for older adults | |
| $1,600 for age 65 and older for 2025; $2,000 unmarried / not surviving spouse for 2025 | $7,600 for age 65 and older; $8,000 for unmarried / not surviving spouse; both from 2025 through 2028 |
| State and local tax deduction (SALT) | |
| $10,000 limit through 2025 | $40,000 limit for 2025; increases by 1% through 2029; reverts to $10,000 in 2030 |
| Child tax credit | |
| Max credit of $2,000 per child through 2025; refundable portion $1,700 for 2025 | Max credit of $2,200 per child; refundable portion $1,700 for 2025 |
| Estate and gift tax exemption | |
| $13.99 million single; $27.98 million married filing jointly for 2025 | $15 million single; $30 million married filing jointly for 2026 |
| Tax on tips | |
| N/A | Deduct up to $25,000 per year from 2025 though 2028 |
| Overtime pay | |
| N/A | Deduct up to $12,500 per taxpayer from 2025 through 2028 |
| Auto loan interest | |
| N/A | Deduct up to $12,500 per taxpayer from 2025 through 2028 |
| Auto loan interest | |
| N/A | Deduct up to $10,000 of annual interest on new loans from 2025 through 2028 |
| Trump Accounts for child savings | |
| N/A | One-time $1,000 credit to account per child born between 2025 through 2028 |
| Charitable deduction for non-itemizers | |
| N/A after 2021 | $1,000 single; $2,000 married filing jointly; permanent after 2025 |
Source: CNBC
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Organizational culture forces 55-year-old employees of Cummins Inc companies to think about the long-term sustainability of their income because they want their retirement funds to be safe and diverse enough to last the rest of their lifetime.'
'Retiring at 55 is a great privilege, but no one should forget about the healthcare costs and other sources of income to ensure that the retiree leads a healthy life after retiring from work.'
'This article is going to look at:
1. The pros and cons of retiring at 55 and the financial implications of it.
2. Ways of generating diverse sources of income and planning for the future.
3. A healthcare analysis and the need to have adequate coverage until Medicare age.'
Criterion. Both the pros and cons of retiring at 55 shall be explored in this article. The healthcare implications of early retirement and tips on how to plan for the future shall also be covered.
Heading into retirement, there are many things to consider, especially for the employees of Cummins Inc companies who are planning for retirement at 55.
The Rule of 55:
This is important for those who decide to retire early and want to withdraw from their 401(k) accounts without incurring penalties. As long as you retire before you turn 55, you can withdraw from your 401(k) account without having to pay penalties even though you have not yet reached the age of 59 ½. This exception makes it possible for early retirees to make decisions about their money more flexibly.
Financial Aspects:
A Plan for the Future:
Financial planning for retirement at 55 means that one has to consider the sustainability of the financial situation in the future. It is important that Cummins Inc employees consider the length of the retirement period as life expectancy has increased and retirement may last for 30 years or more. So, the nest egg, which includes retirement accounts, rental income, and maybe Social Security benefits, must be enough to support the expenses. To establish the amount of money needed in the nest egg, it is crucial to consider the annual expenses, possible healthcare costs, and other unpredictable costs.
A Safety Net for the Future:
Diversifying your sources of income is important to ensure that you are not dependent on the rental income alone to support your lifestyle. It is possible that rental income will not be enough to support all the needs or to become the only source of income. Turning to part-time work or other job opportunities can help enhance retirement savings. It can also help to have a job that provides health insurance and a retirement plan to give one a sense of security and to add to one’s income.
Health Care Issues:
Research and planning of the healthcare costs and needs during this period cannot be overemphasized as individual health insurance may be required. It is crucial to learn more about the costs and make arrangements for the healthcare expenses to avoid surprise costs. Some of the strategies that can be used include seeking other health insurance plans or even joining your spouse’s employer-based plan to reduce the costs associated with affordable coverage.
Purposeful Retirement:
New Pursuits for Meaningful Living After leaving work, people do not automatically retire but rather find ways to keep themselves busy. It is possible that people can find new jobs, start their own businesses, or volunteer to help others and, perhaps, earn some money. Such activities can also help improve the quality of life and keep the mind active during the retirement period.
Planning for the Future:
A Balanced Approach However, it is important that Cummins Inc employees consider the pros and cons of retiring at 55. This article helps employees of Cummins Inc companies to analyze their individual financial situation, develop plans for the future, and predict their future requirements.
In this paper, the authors would like to express their gratitude to financial advisors and retirement planning specialists for their valuable recommendations which have been incorporated into this paper based on the authors’ specific situation.'
Sources:
1. SmartAsset . 'How to Retire at 55: A Step-by-Step Plan.' SmartAsset , 2025, https://smartasset.com/retirement/how-to-retire-at-55 . Accessed 8 Feb. 2025.
2. Kiplinger . 'The Rule of 55: One Way to Fund Early Retirement.' Kiplinger , Nov. 2024, https://www.kiplinger.com/retirement/the-rule-of-55-one-way-to-fund-early-retirement . Accessed 8 Feb. 2025.
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3. Investopedia . 'Top Retirement Savings Tips for 55-to-64-Year-Olds.' Investopedia , July 2024, https://www.investopedia.com/retirement/top-retirement-savings-tips-55-to-64-year-olds . Accessed 8 Feb. 2025.
4. T. Rowe Price . 'Six Steps to Achieve Financial Independence and Retire Early (FIRE).' T. Rowe Price , Oct. 2024, https://www.troweprice.com/personal-investing/resources/insights/6-steps-to-achieve-financial-independence-and-retire-early.html . Accessed 8 Feb. 2025.
5. U.S. Bank . 'How to Retire Early: 8 Early Retirement Tips.' U.S. Bank , Jan. 2025, https://www.usbank.com/retirement-planning/financial-perspectives/how-to-retire-early.html . Accessed 8 Feb. 2025.
How does Cummins determine eligibility for participation in the Cummins Pension Plan, and what are the implications for employees who temporarily leave the workforce? This inquiry should delve into the specific criteria that define an eligible employee, such as citizenship requirements and exclusions, as well as the continuation of benefits and service credit during approved leaves or breaks in service at Cummins. It would also explore the complexities surrounding vesting and how service prior to a break is credited upon re-employment at Cummins.
Eligibility and Participation in the Cummins Pension Plan: Eligibility for the Cummins Pension Plan requires being an active employee, not participating in another Cummins defined benefit pension plan, and meeting certain citizenship or residency criteria. During approved leaves of absence, employees continue to accrue service credits, ensuring continuous growth in their pension benefits. Notably, vesting occurs after three years of service, securing the employee's entitlement to pension benefits upon leaving the company. The plan handles breaks in service by allowing reemployment within 12 months to count towards vesting and benefit calculations, safeguarding employee benefits against temporary disruptions in their career with Cummins.
What are the potential benefits and limitations of the forms of distribution available under the Cummins Pension Plan, and how should employees prepare for their pension benefit election? This question requires an analysis of various forms of distributions, such as lump sums versus annuities, highlighting the financial implications of each choice, particularly in relation to the IRS rules for 2024 regarding tax treatment. Employees should also consider how their family structure (e.g., marital status, dependents) may influence their decisions when electing a distribution method.
Distribution Forms and Tax Considerations: The Cummins Pension Plan offers various distribution forms, including lump sums and annuities, each with distinct tax implications under IRS rules for 2024. Employees must consider their family structure and tax status when choosing a distribution form, as these factors influence the tax treatment and financial outcome of their pension benefits. The plan provides clear guidelines on these options, ensuring employees can make informed decisions that align with their personal and financial circumstances.
In what ways do pay credits and interest credits accrue within the Cummins Pension Plan, and how can employees gauge their potential retirement benefits over time? This question will focus on the specifics of how pay credits are calculated based on an employee's compensation and service at Cummins, as well as the impact of interest credits on the total account balance and long-term retirement planning. It will also examine how employees can track these credits through the Cummins retirement resources.
Accrual of Pay and Interest Credits: The pension benefits at Cummins accrue through pay credits based on compensation and service, along with interest credits. Employees can monitor their accumulating benefits through the Cummins retirement resources, offering transparency and planning advantages. This structured accrual method supports employees in projecting their future pension benefits and making informed decisions about their retirement timing and financial needs.
How does Cummins ensure compliance with ERISA and other regulatory standards in the management of the Cummins Pension Plan, and what rights do employees have under these regulations? This query should explore Cummins' obligations as a fiduciary in managing employee benefits and highlight the key rights of plan participants. The discussion should include access to plan documents, the process for filing claims, and the significance of ERISA protections for employees retired from Cummins.
Regulatory Compliance and Employee Rights: Cummins diligently adheres to ERISA standards in managing the pension plan, emphasizing fiduciary responsibility and ensuring participants' rights are upheld. Employees have rights to access plan documents, participate in claims and appeals processes, and are protected under ERISA from any plan-related discrimination. This regulatory compliance not only secures the integrity of their pension benefits but also reinforces the legal framework protecting participant rights.
What role does the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) play in safeguarding the retirement benefits of Cummins employees, and how does this affect the perception of the plan's reliability? This question would examine the insurance coverage provided by the PBGC, what types of benefits are guaranteed, and under what circumstances benefits may not be fully covered. Employees might analyze how this federal insurance impacts their confidence in the plan, especially in light of changing economic conditions.
Role of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC): The PBGC insures the pension benefits under the Cummins Plan, providing a safety net that enhances the reliability of these benefits. Employees covered by the plan can gain confidence in the security of their pensions, knowing that even in the face of potential plan termination, the PBGC guarantees the core benefits, subject to certain legal limits and conditions.
How does the Cummins Pension Plan interface with employees' Social Security benefits, and what should retirees consider when planning for a sustainable retirement income? This inquiry will look at the coordination of benefits under the Cummins plan with Social Security, examining how pension income might influence Social Security calculations. It would require discussions on the timing of retirement elections and how they align with Social Security claims.
Interaction with Social Security Benefits: The Cummins Pension Plan is designed to integrate smoothly with Social Security benefits, offering provisions that help plan participants optimize their total retirement income. Understanding this interaction allows employees to strategically plan their retirement age and benefit commencement, maximizing their financial stability in later life.
What are the specific procedures and deadlines that Cummins employees should follow to successfully elect a distribution from the Cummins Pension Plan upon retirement? This question will necessitate a detailed look at the steps involved in initiating a benefit distribution, including the importance of spousal consent, the timing of application submissions, and any documentation that may be required. Understanding these processes can significantly affect the financial outcomes for retirees.
Procedures and Deadlines for Electing Pension Distribution: The Cummins Pension Plan outlines specific procedures and deadlines for electing a distribution upon retirement, emphasizing the importance of timely and informed decision-making. By understanding these processes, employees can avoid delays and ensure that they receive their pension benefits in the manner that best suits their post-retirement financial plans.
What are the implications of choosing to defer pension benefits and how does the Cummins Plan accommodate employees who opt not to start their benefits at the normal retirement date? This inquiry could address the potential financial consequences of deferring benefits, including eligibility requirements for such deferral and how it aligns with IRS regulations. Employees should critically evaluate their financial situations and retirement goals, weighing the allure of continued employment against starting their retirement benefits sooner.
Deferring Pension Benefits: Employees at Cummins have the option to defer their pension benefits beyond the normal retirement date, which can influence the financial value of their benefits. The plan provides guidelines on how deferral impacts benefit calculations and distributions, assisting employees in making decisions that align with their long-term financial goals.
How can Cummins employees designating beneficiaries ensure that their wishes are respected concerning death benefits, particularly in light of recent changes in the pension landscape? This question focuses on the options available to employees for designating beneficiaries, the process for updating these designations over time, and the specific forms that need to be completed to ensure compliance with the Cummins Pension Plan. It will also discuss the impact of state and federal laws on these designations.
Designating Beneficiaries and Ensuring Compliance: The plan stipulates clear processes for designating beneficiaries for pension benefits, ensuring that employees' wishes are respected and legally documented. This is crucial for planning and securing financial provisions for survivors, reflecting the plan's comprehensive approach to retirement benefits.
How can Cummins employees contact the Cummins Retirement Benefits Service Center to obtain more information about the Cummins Pension Plan and related retirement processes? This question emphasizes the various channels through which employees can reach out to the service center, the types of queries they can address regarding the Cummins Pension Plan, and the resources available online to assist with pension-related inquiries. Employees are encouraged to take advantage of these resources to make informed decisions regarding their retirement planning.
Accessing Information and Assistance: Cummins provides multiple channels for employees to access information and assistance regarding their pension plan, including online resources and a dedicated service center. This accessibility ensures that employees can obtain detailed information and personalized support, enabling them to navigate their pension benefits effectively.
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