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Navigating Sequence Risk in Retirement: Lessons and Strategies for Dana Employees

Healthcare Provider Update: For the company Dana, the healthcare provider is likely UnitedHealthcare. This insurer is known for offering a range of health coverage options, including plans in several ACA marketplaces. Looking ahead to 2026, significant increases in healthcare costs are anticipated. Rising medical expenses, combined with the potential expiration of enhanced federal subsidies, could lead to steep premium hikes for ACA marketplace enrollees. Reports suggest that some states may experience increases exceeding 60%, resulting in many individuals facing more than 75% higher out-of-pocket costs. Such drastic changes could create considerable financial strain for millions, emphasizing the importance of proactive healthcare planning in 2025. Click here to learn more

'Dana employees approaching retirement should recognize that the sequence of market returns in their early years can influence the longevity of their income far more than the average return itself, making disciplined withdrawal strategies and diversified income planning essential.' – Brent Wolf, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

'Dana employees nearing retirement can benefit from understanding how market downturns early in retirement may have lasting effects, and from adopting flexible, research-based withdrawal and allocation strategies to help sustain their income over time.' – Paul Bergeron, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article we will discuss:

Historical examples of sequence-of-returns risk and their effects on retirement income.
Why the first years of retirement are most critical for portfolio sustainability.
Research‑backed strategies for managing sequence risk and supporting long‑term retirement goals.

Contributed by Paul Bergeron and Brent Wolf of Wealth Enhancement

For Fortune 500 employees approaching retirement, recognizing the timing of returns—not just the average return—can be critical to keeping income going over the long term. This concept, known as sequence-of‑returns risk, shows how poor early market performance in retirement can have a lasting impact on a withdrawal plan, even if long-term averages seem strong. Historical market data provides clear examples of this risk and offers practical methods for responding to it.

Historical examples of sequence risk

Fortune 500 retirees entering retirement during tough market cycles face situations similar to the declines seen in the late 1960s, when the market hit two bear markets (1968–70 and 1973–74) alongside high inflation. The S&P 500 dropped roughly 48% during the 1973–74 bear market, compounding inflation-related difficulties. ¹ Likewise, those retiring in 2000 endured two severe bear markets in the decade, while 2022 proved one of the toughest years for balanced portfolios, with sharp drops in both U.S. stocks and high-quality bonds.

Why the early years matter most

For a Fortune 500 retiree, significant losses in the first five to ten years of retirement—combined with regular withdrawals—can shrink the number of shares left to rebound when markets recover. Academic studies and industry research repeatedly show that even with the same average return, the order of gains and losses plays a huge role in retirement outcomes.

Research-backed strategies to manage sequence risk

One effective method for Fortune 500 retirees is keeping a mix of asset types to help weather downturns. Cash and bonds can act as “shock absorbers” for immediate expenses, reducing the need to sell stocks during market dips. Flexible withdrawal approaches—such as adjusting withdrawals within set guardrails—have been shown to support portfolio longevity better than fixed-dollar withdrawal methods.

Staging risk in a retirement portfolio—by holding one to two years of expenses in cash-like assets and several years in short‑ to intermediate‑term bonds—may give equities time to recover before they're tapped for income. For some Fortune 500 retirees, delaying income sources like Social Security can help raise total lifetime income and lessen the need to tap investments during volatile times. Thoughtful rebalancing and managing tax lots, especially during downturns, can also help maintain equity exposure and extend portfolio lifespan.

Implications for retirement planning

While higher stock allocations may offer greater long-term growth potential, they also increase sequence risk in early retirement for Fortune 500 workers. Historically, balanced portfolios—often with 30% to 50% equities for income-focused funds—have supported more resilient initial withdrawal rates compared to all-stock strategies. ² Strong early-market results can set up long-term success, but disciplined spending limits, guardrails, and rebalancing remain key.

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Sources:

1.The New York Times. ' What Happens When Stock Markets Become Bears ,' by William Davis, Karl Russell, and Stephen Gandel. 13 June 2022.

2. Vanguard UK. ' Sustainable Spending Rates in Turbulent Markets ,' by Daga, Ankul, et al. Mar. 2021, pp. 1–7.

Other Resources:

1. Guyton, Jonathan T., and William J. Klinger. “ Decision Rules and Maximum Initial Withdrawal Rates .” Journal of Financial Planning , vol. 19, no. 3, Mar. 2006, pp. 48–50, 52–54, 56–58. Financial Planning Association.

2. “ Timeline of U.S. Stock Market Crashes .” Investopedia , 30 Oct. 2024, section “The 1973–74 Oil Crisis Bear Market.”

3. ' When to Start Receiving Retirement Benefits. ' Social Security Administration, Pub. No. 05-10147, May 2024, pp. 1–2.

4. Arnott, Amy C., CFA, and Ivanna Hampton. “ Why More Diversification Doesn’t Mean Better Returns .” Morningstar , 7 June 2024.

What is the 401(k) plan offered by Dana?

The 401(k) plan at Dana is a retirement savings plan that allows employees to save a portion of their paycheck before taxes are taken out.

How does Dana match employee contributions to the 401(k) plan?

Dana offers a matching contribution up to a certain percentage of the employee's salary, which helps to enhance the retirement savings.

When can employees at Dana enroll in the 401(k) plan?

Employees at Dana can enroll in the 401(k) plan during their initial onboarding period or during the annual open enrollment period.

What are the eligibility requirements for Dana's 401(k) plan?

To be eligible for Dana's 401(k) plan, employees must be at least 21 years old and have completed a minimum period of service with the company.

Can employees at Dana take loans against their 401(k) savings?

Yes, Dana allows employees to take loans against their 401(k) savings, subject to specific terms and conditions.

What investment options are available in Dana's 401(k) plan?

Dana's 401(k) plan offers a variety of investment options, including mutual funds, target-date funds, and company stock.

How can employees at Dana access their 401(k) account information?

Employees can access their 401(k) account information through Dana's online benefits portal or by contacting the HR department.

What is the vesting schedule for Dana's 401(k) matching contributions?

Dana has a vesting schedule for matching contributions, meaning employees earn ownership of the matched funds over a specified period of service.

Can employees at Dana change their contribution percentage to the 401(k) plan?

Yes, employees at Dana can change their contribution percentage at any time, subject to the plan's guidelines.

What happens to the 401(k) savings if an employee leaves Dana?

If an employee leaves Dana, they can choose to roll over their 401(k) savings to another retirement account or withdraw the funds, subject to taxes and penalties.

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

For Dana Inc., the primary pension plan was the "Dana Retirement Plan," which underwent significant changes in 2019 when Dana transferred its pension liabilities to insurance companies through annuity purchase agreements. This action involved securing pension obligations for plan participants without altering their benefits. The company has not made significant updates to its pension plan offerings since this transfer, focusing instead on fully funding existing obligations. Regarding the 401(k) plan, Dana offers a competitive 401(k) with matching contributions. Employees can contribute up to 8% of their salary, with Dana providing a 4.5% match. This plan is available to all full-time employees. Dana emphasizes the stability and security of its retirement offerings, aligning with the company’s broader strategy to maintain financial health and meet its obligations.

Restructuring Layoffs: Dana Incorporated has been undergoing restructuring efforts in 2023 and 2024, which included several layoffs across different divisions to streamline operations and reduce costs. These layoffs are part of the company's strategy to remain competitive amid economic uncertainties and evolving market conditions. It's important to address this news because the current economic environment, characterized by high inflation and geopolitical tensions, requires companies to adjust their workforce to maintain financial stability. Benefit and Pension Changes: Dana has also made significant changes to its employee benefits and pension plans. In 2023, the company revised its pension formula and adjusted the contribution limits for 401(k) plans in response to the SECURE Act 2.0. The changes were made to align with new federal regulations and to provide more robust retirement options for employees. This news is crucial as the investment climate and tax regulations are evolving, and such changes directly impact employees' retirement planning. Employees should be aware of how these changes affect their future financial security and retirement readiness.

Dana Incorporated offers a variety of stock options and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) as part of its compensation package to eligible employees. In 2022, 2023, and 2024, Dana continued to use stock options and RSUs to incentivize and retain key talent within the company. The specific stock options at Dana Incorporated are designed to allow employees to purchase shares at a predetermined price, often reflecting the stock price at the time of the grant. These options typically vest over a set period, ensuring that employees remain with the company to gain the full benefit. RSUs at Dana Incorporated are another critical part of the company's equity compensation. RSUs are granted with a vesting schedule, where the employee receives shares after meeting specific service conditions, usually tied to the employee’s tenure or company performance. The company's RSUs do not require employees to pay an exercise price, unlike stock options, which is advantageous for employees as they are guaranteed the value of the shares upon vesting. Eligibility for stock options and RSUs at Dana Incorporated is typically extended to employees who are in managerial or higher-level positions, though the exact criteria may vary by year and specific company needs. In 2022, 2023, and 2024, Dana continued to refine these programs to align employee incentives with company performance, which was evident in their continued financial growth and strategic achievements during these years. The detailed information on these stock options and RSUs, along with the company's ongoing updates, can be found in Dana's annual reports and investor communications, specifically in documents like the 10-K filings. These reports typically outline the terms, eligibility criteria, and the vesting schedules for these equity-based compensation plans. For further details, reviewing the annual reports and quarterly earnings releases on Dana's official website is recommended.

In 2022, Dana, like many companies, faced increasing healthcare costs due to various factors, including inflation and the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. These challenges led to an emphasis on high-deductible health plans (HDHPs), which remained popular among employees, with a notable increase in the median in-network deductible for these plans. Dana also focused on behavioral health benefits, recognizing the importance of supporting employees' mental health in the post-pandemic era. By 2023 and 2024, Dana continued to adapt its health benefits strategy by exploring self-insured health plans, a move aimed at giving the company more control over healthcare costs and the flexibility to tailor benefits to employees' needs. The company also highlighted the importance of accountable care organizations (ACOs) and personalized healthcare services, aiming to improve the quality of care while managing costs.

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For more information you can reach the plan administrator for Dana at 3939 Technology Dr Maumee, OH 43537; or by calling them at (419) 887-3000.

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