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Navigating Sequence Risk in Retirement: Lessons and Strategies for Lincoln National Employees

Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for Lincoln National: Lincoln National Corporation does not directly provide healthcare services. Instead, it operates as a financial services company that offers various insurance and investment solutions. For healthcare coverage, Lincoln National collaborates with health insurance providers like Aetna for its employee benefits and health-related products. Potential Healthcare Cost Increases in 2026: Healthcare costs are projected to rise significantly in 2026, driven by factors such as inflation in medical care and large anticipated increases from major insurers. Premiums for Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace plans could soar by over 20% on average, with some states facing hikes that exceed 60%. The potential expiration of enhanced premium subsidies will further exacerbate the situation, leading to a staggering increase of over 75% in out-of-pocket costs for many enrollees. As a result, consumers will need to navigate these challenges carefully, focusing on proactive strategies to manage their healthcare expenses effectively. Click here to learn more

'Lincoln National employees approaching retirement should recognize that the sequence of market returns in their early years can influence the longevity of their income far more than the average return itself, making disciplined withdrawal strategies and diversified income planning essential.' – Brent Wolf, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

'Lincoln National employees nearing retirement can benefit from understanding how market downturns early in retirement may have lasting effects, and from adopting flexible, research-based withdrawal and allocation strategies to help sustain their income over time.' – Paul Bergeron, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article we will discuss:

Historical examples of sequence-of-returns risk and their effects on retirement income.
Why the first years of retirement are most critical for portfolio sustainability.
Research‑backed strategies for managing sequence risk and supporting long‑term retirement goals.

Contributed by Paul Bergeron and Brent Wolf of Wealth Enhancement

For Fortune 500 employees approaching retirement, recognizing the timing of returns—not just the average return—can be critical to keeping income going over the long term. This concept, known as sequence-of‑returns risk, shows how poor early market performance in retirement can have a lasting impact on a withdrawal plan, even if long-term averages seem strong. Historical market data provides clear examples of this risk and offers practical methods for responding to it.

Historical examples of sequence risk

Fortune 500 retirees entering retirement during tough market cycles face situations similar to the declines seen in the late 1960s, when the market hit two bear markets (1968–70 and 1973–74) alongside high inflation. The S&P 500 dropped roughly 48% during the 1973–74 bear market, compounding inflation-related difficulties. ¹ Likewise, those retiring in 2000 endured two severe bear markets in the decade, while 2022 proved one of the toughest years for balanced portfolios, with sharp drops in both U.S. stocks and high-quality bonds.

Why the early years matter most

For a Fortune 500 retiree, significant losses in the first five to ten years of retirement—combined with regular withdrawals—can shrink the number of shares left to rebound when markets recover. Academic studies and industry research repeatedly show that even with the same average return, the order of gains and losses plays a huge role in retirement outcomes.

Research-backed strategies to manage sequence risk

One effective method for Fortune 500 retirees is keeping a mix of asset types to help weather downturns. Cash and bonds can act as “shock absorbers” for immediate expenses, reducing the need to sell stocks during market dips. Flexible withdrawal approaches—such as adjusting withdrawals within set guardrails—have been shown to support portfolio longevity better than fixed-dollar withdrawal methods.

Staging risk in a retirement portfolio—by holding one to two years of expenses in cash-like assets and several years in short‑ to intermediate‑term bonds—may give equities time to recover before they're tapped for income. For some Fortune 500 retirees, delaying income sources like Social Security can help raise total lifetime income and lessen the need to tap investments during volatile times. Thoughtful rebalancing and managing tax lots, especially during downturns, can also help maintain equity exposure and extend portfolio lifespan.

Implications for retirement planning

While higher stock allocations may offer greater long-term growth potential, they also increase sequence risk in early retirement for Fortune 500 workers. Historically, balanced portfolios—often with 30% to 50% equities for income-focused funds—have supported more resilient initial withdrawal rates compared to all-stock strategies. ² Strong early-market results can set up long-term success, but disciplined spending limits, guardrails, and rebalancing remain key.

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Sources:

1.The New York Times. ' What Happens When Stock Markets Become Bears ,' by William Davis, Karl Russell, and Stephen Gandel. 13 June 2022.

2. Vanguard UK. ' Sustainable Spending Rates in Turbulent Markets ,' by Daga, Ankul, et al. Mar. 2021, pp. 1–7.

Other Resources:

1. Guyton, Jonathan T., and William J. Klinger. “ Decision Rules and Maximum Initial Withdrawal Rates .” Journal of Financial Planning , vol. 19, no. 3, Mar. 2006, pp. 48–50, 52–54, 56–58. Financial Planning Association.

2. “ Timeline of U.S. Stock Market Crashes .” Investopedia , 30 Oct. 2024, section “The 1973–74 Oil Crisis Bear Market.”

3. ' When to Start Receiving Retirement Benefits. ' Social Security Administration, Pub. No. 05-10147, May 2024, pp. 1–2.

4. Arnott, Amy C., CFA, and Ivanna Hampton. “ Why More Diversification Doesn’t Mean Better Returns .” Morningstar , 7 June 2024.

What is the primary purpose of Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan?

The primary purpose of Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan is to help employees save for retirement by providing tax-advantaged investment options.

How can employees at Lincoln National enroll in the 401(k) Savings Plan?

Employees at Lincoln National can enroll in the 401(k) Savings Plan through the company’s online benefits portal or by contacting the HR department for assistance.

Does Lincoln National match employee contributions to the 401(k) Savings Plan?

Yes, Lincoln National offers a matching contribution to the 401(k) Savings Plan, which helps employees maximize their retirement savings.

What types of investments are available in Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan?

Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan offers a variety of investment options, including mutual funds, target-date funds, and company stock.

What is the minimum contribution percentage for Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan?

The minimum contribution percentage for Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan is typically set at 1% of an employee's salary, but employees are encouraged to contribute more if possible.

Can employees at Lincoln National take loans against their 401(k) Savings Plan balance?

Yes, Lincoln National allows employees to take loans against their 401(k) Savings Plan balance under certain conditions.

What happens to my 401(k) Savings Plan if I leave Lincoln National?

If you leave Lincoln National, you can choose to roll over your 401(k) Savings Plan balance into an IRA or another qualified retirement plan, or you may withdraw the funds, subject to taxes and penalties.

How often can employees change their contribution amounts to Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan?

Employees at Lincoln National can change their contribution amounts to the 401(k) Savings Plan at any time, subject to certain administrative deadlines.

Are there any fees associated with Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan?

Yes, Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan may have administrative fees and investment-related fees, which are disclosed in the plan documents.

What educational resources does Lincoln National provide to help employees understand the 401(k) Savings Plan?

Lincoln National offers educational resources such as workshops, online tools, and one-on-one consultations to help employees understand and manage their 401(k) Savings Plan.

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

Lincoln National offers a comprehensive retirement package, including a pension plan and the LNC Employees' 401(k) Savings Plan. The pension plan, also known as a defined benefit plan, provides employees with a guaranteed retirement income based on their years of service and salary. The exact formula for the pension plan includes a specific percentage of the final average salary multiplied by the number of years of service. The minimum service requirement is typically five years, and the pension benefits become fully vested at this point. Employees must meet certain age qualifications, generally beginning at age 55 with early retirement options. The 401(k) Savings Plan, also referred to as a defined contribution plan, allows employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax salary. Lincoln National matches these contributions up to a certain percentage. In 2022, 2023, and 2024, Lincoln enhanced its 401(k) offerings by providing more investment options and improved online tools to help employees manage their retirement savings. Employees become eligible for the 401(k) plan after completing one year of service and reaching age 21. The LNC Employees' 401(k) Savings Plan is notable for its flexibility, allowing participants to make both pre-tax and Roth contributions (lincolnfinancial) (Business Wire).

Lincoln National Corporation has experienced significant restructuring efforts in 2023 and 2024, including layoffs and changes to its workforce. In early 2024, the company announced a 5% reduction in its workforce, impacting employees across various segments. These layoffs are part of a broader strategic realignment aimed at addressing the company's financial difficulties, which have been compounded by external pressures such as inflation, regulatory changes, and market volatility. Additionally, Lincoln National saw a substantial financial loss in the fourth quarter of 2023, reporting a net loss of $1.2 billion. This loss led to further emphasis on cost-cutting measures, including benefit restructuring, workforce reductions, and pension adjustments (S&P Global) (AM Best).

For Lincoln National, both employee stock options and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) are made available as part of their equity compensation plans to incentivize and retain key employees. Lincoln National offers RSUs to employees, with vesting schedules that typically follow a multi-year plan, often with a cliff period followed by gradual vesting. This aligns with common industry practices, where RSUs are granted without an upfront purchase requirement, and they are taxed as ordinary income when they vest (Zajac Group) (Facet). RSUs at Lincoln National are distributed based on performance and employment status, with eligibility generally extending to full-time employees, directors, and some high-level contractors (MarketBeat). In addition to RSUs, Lincoln National also offers Non-Qualified Stock Options (NQSOs). These stock options provide employees the right to purchase company shares at a fixed strike price, with taxation occurring when the options are exercised and based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value (Facet) (Brooklyn Fi). Stock options are generally awarded to senior employees, allowing them to benefit from any increase in Lincoln National’s stock price over time.

Lincoln National offers a robust set of healthcare benefits for its employees, which has seen significant updates over the past few years. In 2023, Lincoln National continued to provide comprehensive health coverage, including medical, dental, and vision insurance, through various plan options. The company places particular emphasis on preventive care, with terms such as “Health Savings Account (HSA),” “Preferred Provider Organization (PPO),” and “Flexible Spending Account (FSA)” frequently used in their communications (lincolnfinancial). Additionally, Lincoln National promotes its Employee Assistance Program (EAP), which offers confidential support for both personal and professional challenges. With healthcare costs rising by approximately 5.4% in 2024, Lincoln National, like many employers, has been working to contain expenses while still offering high-quality healthcare options (Mercer | Welcome to brighter) (Mercer | Welcome to brighter). The importance of Lincoln National’s healthcare benefits cannot be overstated, especially given the current economic and political environment. Rising inflation and healthcare costs have pressured employers to reevaluate their healthcare strategies. Lincoln National’s focus on maintaining affordable care options, despite these challenges, highlights its commitment to employee well-being. This approach is crucial for retaining talent and managing healthcare costs effectively in a turbulent economic landscape, where investments in employee health contribute to long-term organizational success. The company's proactive stance in managing healthcare benefit expenses is a strategic response to both economic pressures and evolving healthcare legislation (lincolnfinancial) (Mercer | Welcome to brighter).

Additional Articles

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For more information you can reach the plan administrator for Lincoln National at , ; or by calling them at .

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