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Navigating Sequence Risk in Retirement: Lessons and Strategies for M&T Bank Employees

Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for M&T Bank M&T Bank collaborates with various healthcare providers as part of its employee benefits package. Notably, they offer plans that include coverage through the Health Plan Services, which encompasses options under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Potential Healthcare Cost Increases in 2026 As M&T Bank employees prepare for 2026, they should be aware of significant healthcare cost increases looming on the horizon. The projected rise in premiums for ACA marketplace plans, particularly in states like New York, could exceed 60%. Additionally, the potential expiration of enhanced federal subsidies may leave approximately 22 million enrollees facing a staggering 75% increase in out-of-pocket costs. With employers like M&T Bank possibly shifting a greater share of healthcare expenses onto employees, it is crucial for individuals to review their benefit options and strategize their healthcare spending as they approach a year of unprecedented financial strain. Click here to learn more

'M&T Bank employees approaching retirement should recognize that the sequence of market returns in their early years can influence the longevity of their income far more than the average return itself, making disciplined withdrawal strategies and diversified income planning essential.' – Brent Wolf, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

'M&T Bank employees nearing retirement can benefit from understanding how market downturns early in retirement may have lasting effects, and from adopting flexible, research-based withdrawal and allocation strategies to help sustain their income over time.' – Paul Bergeron, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article we will discuss:

Historical examples of sequence-of-returns risk and their effects on retirement income.
Why the first years of retirement are most critical for portfolio sustainability.
Research‑backed strategies for managing sequence risk and supporting long‑term retirement goals.

Contributed by Paul Bergeron and Brent Wolf of Wealth Enhancement

For Fortune 500 employees approaching retirement, recognizing the timing of returns—not just the average return—can be critical to keeping income going over the long term. This concept, known as sequence-of‑returns risk, shows how poor early market performance in retirement can have a lasting impact on a withdrawal plan, even if long-term averages seem strong. Historical market data provides clear examples of this risk and offers practical methods for responding to it.

Historical examples of sequence risk

Fortune 500 retirees entering retirement during tough market cycles face situations similar to the declines seen in the late 1960s, when the market hit two bear markets (1968–70 and 1973–74) alongside high inflation. The S&P 500 dropped roughly 48% during the 1973–74 bear market, compounding inflation-related difficulties. ¹ Likewise, those retiring in 2000 endured two severe bear markets in the decade, while 2022 proved one of the toughest years for balanced portfolios, with sharp drops in both U.S. stocks and high-quality bonds.

Why the early years matter most

For a Fortune 500 retiree, significant losses in the first five to ten years of retirement—combined with regular withdrawals—can shrink the number of shares left to rebound when markets recover. Academic studies and industry research repeatedly show that even with the same average return, the order of gains and losses plays a huge role in retirement outcomes.

Research-backed strategies to manage sequence risk

One effective method for Fortune 500 retirees is keeping a mix of asset types to help weather downturns. Cash and bonds can act as “shock absorbers” for immediate expenses, reducing the need to sell stocks during market dips. Flexible withdrawal approaches—such as adjusting withdrawals within set guardrails—have been shown to support portfolio longevity better than fixed-dollar withdrawal methods.

Staging risk in a retirement portfolio—by holding one to two years of expenses in cash-like assets and several years in short‑ to intermediate‑term bonds—may give equities time to recover before they're tapped for income. For some Fortune 500 retirees, delaying income sources like Social Security can help raise total lifetime income and lessen the need to tap investments during volatile times. Thoughtful rebalancing and managing tax lots, especially during downturns, can also help maintain equity exposure and extend portfolio lifespan.

Implications for retirement planning

While higher stock allocations may offer greater long-term growth potential, they also increase sequence risk in early retirement for Fortune 500 workers. Historically, balanced portfolios—often with 30% to 50% equities for income-focused funds—have supported more resilient initial withdrawal rates compared to all-stock strategies. ² Strong early-market results can set up long-term success, but disciplined spending limits, guardrails, and rebalancing remain key.

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Sources:

1.The New York Times. ' What Happens When Stock Markets Become Bears ,' by William Davis, Karl Russell, and Stephen Gandel. 13 June 2022.

2. Vanguard UK. ' Sustainable Spending Rates in Turbulent Markets ,' by Daga, Ankul, et al. Mar. 2021, pp. 1–7.

Other Resources:

1. Guyton, Jonathan T., and William J. Klinger. “ Decision Rules and Maximum Initial Withdrawal Rates .” Journal of Financial Planning , vol. 19, no. 3, Mar. 2006, pp. 48–50, 52–54, 56–58. Financial Planning Association.

2. “ Timeline of U.S. Stock Market Crashes .” Investopedia , 30 Oct. 2024, section “The 1973–74 Oil Crisis Bear Market.”

3. ' When to Start Receiving Retirement Benefits. ' Social Security Administration, Pub. No. 05-10147, May 2024, pp. 1–2.

4. Arnott, Amy C., CFA, and Ivanna Hampton. “ Why More Diversification Doesn’t Mean Better Returns .” Morningstar , 7 June 2024.

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

Name of Pension Plan: The specific name of the pension plan for M&T Bank will be identified from the documents. Typically, it is referred to as a defined benefit plan or similar. Years of Service: Check the pension plan documents for the required number of years of service to qualify. Age Qualification: Identify the age at which employees are eligible to begin receiving pension benefits. Pension Formula: Find the formula used to calculate pension benefits. This often includes a combination of years of service and final average salary. Name of 401(k) Plan: The 401(k) plan will have a specific name, often like "M&T Bank 401(k) Plan" or similar. Eligibility: Who Qualifies: Find out who is eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan, such as full-time employees, part-time employees, etc.

Restructuring and Layoffs: M&T Bank announced a series of organizational changes in early 2024, including a restructuring plan that led to a reduction of approximately 5% of its workforce. This decision is part of a broader strategy to streamline operations and improve efficiency amidst a challenging economic climate. The bank cited the need to adapt to evolving market conditions and optimize its operational structure as reasons for the layoffs. Importance: Understanding these changes is crucial due to the current economic uncertainties, investment volatility, and evolving regulatory environment. Stakeholders and employees should pay close attention to these developments as they impact job security and financial stability.

M&T Bank provides stock options and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) as part of its compensation packages. Stock options typically allow employees to purchase M&T Bank stock at a set price, whereas RSUs grant shares of stock subject to vesting conditions. Eligibility for these benefits usually includes executives, senior managers, and other key employees.

Benefits Overview: M&T Bank provides a comprehensive benefits package that typically includes medical, dental, and vision insurance, as well as a range of other benefits such as wellness programs and employee assistance programs. Healthcare Terms and Acronyms: Common terms include PPO (Preferred Provider Organization), HSA (Health Savings Account), and EAP (Employee Assistance Program).