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Pfizer Employees: Strategic Ways to Reduce Capital Gains on Appreciated Stock

Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for Pfizer: Pfizer does not operate as a traditional healthcare provider, but it is a major pharmaceutical company that provides a wide range of medications and vaccines. For healthcare services, Pfizer collaborates with various healthcare organizations, insurers, and providers to distribute its products and support health initiatives. Potential Healthcare Cost Increases in 2026: The healthcare landscape is bracing for significant cost escalations in 2026, driven by a convergence of factors, including the anticipated expiration of enhanced ACA premium subsidies and rising medical costs. Insurers are expected to request steep premium increases, some exceeding 60%, as they cope with surging hospital and prescription drug expenses. Moreover, without congressional action to extend these subsidies, many consumers could see their out-of-pocket costs rise dramatically-some estimates suggest increases of over 75%-making access to affordable healthcare a critical concern for millions. Click here to learn more

'Pfizer employees can benefit from understanding that strategies like a Section 351 exchange, charitable donations, and tax loss harvesting may work together to help manage appreciated stock efficiently while aligning with broader long-term financial goals.' – Tyson Mavar, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

'Pfizer employees should recognize that thoughtful planning with tools such as Section 351 exchanges, gifting strategies, and tax loss harvesting can help them manage highly appreciated stock while supporting both personal and philanthropic objectives.' – Wesley Boudreaux, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article we will discuss:

How a Section 351 exchange can defer capital gains on highly appreciated stock.
Alternative tax-efficient strategies such as charitable donations, tax loss harvesting, and gifting.
The role of inheritance rules, step-up in basis, and combined approaches in long-term tax planning.

A Tax-Aware Q&A on How to Manage Highly Appreciated Stock

From the Section 351 exchange to other practical approaches, this Q&A addresses key considerations Pfizer employees may encounter when dealing with highly appreciated shares.

Section 351 Exchange: The Fundamental Approach

Q: What is an exchange under Section 351?
A: Under certain circumstances, an investor may transfer property, such as highly appreciated shares, to a company in exchange for its stock under a provision of the Internal Revenue Code that allows the deferral of capital gains or losses.

Q: What is the primary advantage of exchanging my appreciated stock through a Section 351 exchange?
A: The main advantage is tax deferral. Gains transferred to corporations may be postponed under Section 351, though this applies only if specific diversification requirements are met, especially when transferring to investment companies like exchange-traded funds (ETFs). ¹

Q: What is meant by the “Control Test”?
A: The investor or group of investors who use their portfolio assets to fund the new entity must own at least 80% of the voting power and 80% of the total number of shares of all other classes of stock in the new company immediately after the exchange. ¹

Q: When seeding an ETF, how is the Control Test usually satisfied?
A: It is typically satisfied by either a single substantial investor making a significant asset contribution or multiple investors pooling assets to create a seeding pool for the ETF’s launch.

Q: What is the ultimate tax payment date for the deferred gain?
A: The deferred gain is recognized when the ETF shares acquired through the exchange are sold; distributions from taxable funds must also be reported in the meantime.

Other Tax-Efficient Techniques

Q: What is a straightforward method, aside from a Section 351 exchange, to sell highly appreciated shares without incurring large taxes?
A: Donating shares directly to a qualified charity is one option that some Pfizer employees may benefit from.

Q: What tax advantages come with donating valuable stock to a charity?
A: Subject to holding period and adjusted gross income (AGI) limits, you can bypass capital gains taxes on the appreciation and may receive an income tax deduction for the stock’s full fair market value.

Q: What is a Donor-Advised Fund (DAF)?
A: A DAF allows you to donate appreciated stock, receive an immediate tax deduction, and then recommend grants to charities over time, while the assets in the DAF grow without tax impact. ²

Q: Can I give a family member my appreciated stock as a gift?
A: Yes. In most cases, the cost basis from the donor carries over to the recipient.

Q: Why would I give a family member in a lower tax bracket appreciated stock?
A: If they sell the stock, the lower income could result in a reduced capital gains rate, potentially as low as 0% for long-term gains. ³

Tax Loss Harvesting and Other Approaches

Q: What is harvesting tax losses?
A: Selling investments at a loss to offset gains from other sales is known as tax loss harvesting, a strategy sometimes considered by Pfizer employees seeking opportunities to leverage bouts of market volatility.

Q: Can I deduct a certain amount of loss from my regular income?
A: Yes. If your capital losses exceed your gains, you can use up to $3,000 per year ($1,500 if married filing separately) to offset ordinary income, with remaining losses carried forward indefinitely. ⁴

Q: What is a Qualified Opportunity Fund (QOF)?
A: A QOF provides investors with tax incentives for investing in tracts of land designated as 'opportunity zones'. Capital gains reinvested in a QOF within 180 days of being realized can be temporarily tax deferred, while QOF investments helpd for at least 10 years may confer a permanent capital gains exclusion. ⁵ That said, 2025 legislation changes may prompt IRS updates to this rule.

Inheritance and Step-Up in Basis

Q: What is meant by a “step-up in basis”?
A: This adjusts an inherited asset’s cost basis to its fair market value at the time of the owner’s death, eliminating capital gains accumulated during their lifetime. ⁶

Q: If I gift shares while living, will I receive a step-up in basis?
A: No. The original cost basis transfers to the recipient without adjustment.

Determining the Right Strategy

Q: What is the best course of action for me?
A: The most suitable approach will depend on factors such as your gain size, income level, charitable intentions, and liquidity needs.

Q: Do any of these strategies call for professional guidance?
A: Yes. Given the complexity of the tax code, working with a qualified financial advisor and tax professional is strongly recommended before implementing these strategies.

Q: Is it possible to combine these strategies?
A: Yes. For example, you might execute a Section 351 exchange on part of your portfolio for tax-deferred rebalancing while donating another portion to a DAF for an immediate deduction.

Q: Is there a loophole in the Section 351 exchange?
A: No. This is a legitimate tax code provision designed for corporate restructuring and adapted for use in the ETF market. It is intended for tax deferral, not permanent tax elimination.

Featured Video

Articles you may find interesting:

Sources:

1. Kitces. ' Using Section 351 Exchanges to Tax-Efficiently Reallocate Portfolios With Embedded Gains ,' by Ben Henry-Moreland and Brent Sullivan. 12 Mar. 2025.

2. Kiplinger. “ A Donor-Advised Fund Can Give Your Charitable Giving a Boost ,” by Samuel Gaeta. 9 May 2024.

3. Internal Revenue Service. “ Topic No. 409, Capital Gains and Losses .” IRS.gov , 8 July 2025.

4. Wealth Enhancement. ' 6 Essential Tax-Loss Harvesting Tips ,' by Jim Wiley. 6 April 2022.

5. Congressional Research Service. ' Tax Incentives for Opportunity Zones ,' by Donald Marples. 26 Apr. 2022.

6. Investopedia. “ Carryover Basis: What It Is, How It Works, Gift Taxes ,” by Julia Kagan. 16 Jan. 2023.

How does Pfizer, Inc. approach the management of its Consolidated Pension Plan to ensure the financial stability and long-term sustainability of the benefits promised to its employees? Furthermore, what strategies does Pfizer, Inc. employ to communicate the importance of this plan to its workforce, and how does it equip employees with the knowledge needed to understand their benefits effectively?

Pfizer, Inc. manages its Consolidated Pension Plan with a strong focus on financial stability and long-term sustainability by working with key financial partners like Fidelity Investments for recordkeeping and Northern Trust Company for trustee services(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…). The company ensures proper investment strategies and regular reviews to meet the pension obligations and maintain the health of the fund. To communicate the importance of the pension plan, Pfizer uses various channels to educate employees about their benefits, including workshops, internal communication, and retirement planning tools, ensuring that all employees have a clear understanding of their benefits.

In what ways does Pfizer, Inc. ensure compliance with the latest IRS regulations concerning pension plans, and how frequently does it review and update its pension plan policies to align with changing laws? Additionally, what role does the Pension Plan Administrator play in overseeing these compliance efforts within Pfizer, Inc.?

Pfizer, Inc. stays in compliance with IRS regulations regarding pension plans by frequently reviewing and updating its policies to reflect legal changes. The Pension Plan Administrator at Pfizer plays a vital role in overseeing compliance efforts, ensuring that the company adheres to evolving tax laws and regulations. Regular internal audits and legal consultations help Pfizer maintain the necessary compliance measures(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

How does Pfizer, Inc. determine the eligibility criteria for employees to participate in its defined benefit pension plan, and what factors are considered when calculating pension benefits? Furthermore, how does Pfizer, Inc. ensure transparency in communicating these criteria and calculations to its employees?

Eligibility for Pfizer’s defined benefit pension plan is determined by factors such as years of service and employee classification. When calculating pension benefits, Pfizer considers age, salary history, and service duration. The company ensures transparency by providing clear documentation and personalized benefit statements to employees, helping them understand the criteria and calculations affecting their retirement benefits(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

What are the potential tax implications for employees of Pfizer, Inc. who choose to retire early and how does this intersect with the company's pension plan offerings? Additionally, what resources does Pfizer, Inc. provide to assist employees in understanding their options and the long-term impact of early retirement on their pension plans?

Employees of Pfizer, Inc. who opt for early retirement may face tax implications such as penalties for early withdrawals or reduced pension payouts. Pfizer provides educational resources, including financial planning tools and access to retirement advisors, to help employees navigate the long-term impacts of early retirement decisions. These resources ensure employees can make informed decisions about their retirement plans(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

Can you outline the process that Pfizer, Inc. has in place for employees to appeal decisions related to their pension benefits? What steps are involved, and how does Pfizer, Inc. ensure that this process is accessible and fair to all employees who may wish to challenge a decision regarding their pensions?

Pfizer, Inc. offers a structured process for employees to appeal pension benefit decisions. This process includes filing a formal complaint, undergoing a review by the Benefits Administration team, and potentially escalating to higher management if needed. Pfizer ensures this process is accessible and fair, providing employees with clear guidance on how to challenge pension-related decisions(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

How does Pfizer, Inc. integrate career counseling and financial planning resources into the retirement process for employees? Furthermore, what initiatives does Pfizer, Inc. undertake to educate its employees about preparing for retirement beyond the financial aspects, ensuring a holistic approach to the transition into retirement?

Pfizer integrates career counseling and financial planning into its retirement process by offering resources such as access to financial advisors, retirement workshops, and online tools. These initiatives help employees plan for retirement comprehensively, covering not just financial aspects but also lifestyle adjustments and post-retirement career considerations(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

What specific benefits does Pfizer, Inc. offer to employees who are nearing retirement age, and how do these benefits differ from those provided to younger employees? Additionally, how does Pfizer, Inc. communicate and promote these benefits to ensure that eligible employees take full advantage of what is available to them as they approach retirement?

Pfizer, Inc. provides specific benefits for employees nearing retirement, such as catch-up contributions to retirement plans and access to enhanced financial counseling. These benefits are communicated through targeted retirement seminars and direct communications to ensure that eligible employees understand the advantages available to them as they approach retirement(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

How does Pfizer, Inc. address issues related to underfunding of its pension plan, if applicable, and what measures are taken to mitigate potential risks? What plans does Pfizer, Inc. have in place to ensure that it can meet its pension obligations even in challenging financial environments?

If Pfizer, Inc. faces any underfunding issues in its pension plan, the company takes proactive steps to address the problem by increasing contributions or adjusting plan investment strategies. Pfizer has contingency plans in place to ensure it can meet pension obligations even in financially challenging environments(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

In 2024, what key changes to the pension plan within Pfizer, Inc. can employees expect, particularly concerning contribution limits and retirement planning strategies? How does Pfizer, Inc. communicate these changes to its employees to ensure that they are well-informed and able to adjust their retirement planning effectively?

In 2024, Pfizer employees can expect updates to the pension plan concerning contribution limits and retirement strategies, in line with IRS changes. The company communicates these updates through newsletters, online portals, and direct emails to ensure employees stay informed and can adjust their retirement planning accordingly(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

If employees at Pfizer, Inc. have questions about their retirement benefits, what is the best way for them to contact the company? Are there specific resources, such as a dedicated help desk, online portal, or contact persons within the Benefits Administration team, that Pfizer, Inc. recommends for providing assistance and further information regarding retirement benefits?

Employees at Pfizer, Inc. who have questions about their retirement benefits can contact the Benefits Administration team directly at the contact details provided. Additionally, Pfizer offers online portals and dedicated help desks, making it easy for employees to get assistance with any retirement-related inquiries(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

Pfizer provides both a traditional defined benefit pension plan and a defined contribution 401(k) plan. The defined benefit plan includes a cash balance component, where benefits grow based on years of service and compensation, with interest credits added annually. The 401(k) plan offers company matching contributions and various investment options such as target-date funds and mutual funds. Pfizer also provides financial planning resources and tools to help employees manage their retirement savings.

Pfizer provides both RSUs and stock options to employees. RSUs vest over time, providing shares, while stock options allow employees to buy shares at a set price.