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When Wealth Moves Sideways: What Horizontal Transfers Mean for Carvana Households

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'Carvana employees should treat the first spouse’s death as a bracket stress test—model RMDs early, pace Roth conversions, engage both partners, and coordinate with tax and legal professionals before surprises hit.' — Brent Wolf, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

'For Carvana employees, charting how assets shift to a surviving spouse can reduce unexpected surprises. Talking to qualified tax and estate advisors can help.' — Brent Wolf, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article, we will discuss:

  1. The horizontal transfer of wealth between spouses and its growing impact on estate planning for Carvana families.

  2. The tax implications of Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) and strategic Roth conversions to manage income brackets and help preserve assets.

  3. The evolving role of charitable giving and spousal financial engagement in shaping effective multi-generational legacy plans.

Major wealth transfers are anticipated over the coming decades. By 2045, more than $84 trillion is expected to change hands—$11.9 trillion to charities and $72.6 trillion to heirs and family members 1 —and many of those dollars will first move “across” to surviving spouses rather than straight “down” to children.

Because women often live longer than men, a sizable share of assets may shift laterally to widows before any vertical bequests occur, a point stressed by Wealth Enhancement senior wealth advisor Mike Corgiat. This is important for Carvana retirees with sizable IRAs to note. 

Pre-boomer generations are projected to pass $15.8 trillion in the next decade, while baby boomers may transfer nearly $53 trillion 1 —frequently after the first spouse dies—illustrating how wealth rarely travels in a clean vertical line. 

This horizontal detour has real implications for required minimum distributions (RMDs), retirement savings, and estate tax exposure that can affect Carvana employees late in retirement.

Current rules require RMDs to begin at age 73 for those born 1951–1959 and at 75 for those born in 1960 or later, and a surviving spouse can often roll an inherited IRA into their own to delay distributions—sometimes compressing taxable income into fewer years.

Brent Wolf, a retirement income planner with Wealth Enhancement, notes that once RMDs start and the survivor files as single, identical withdrawals can land in higher brackets—an issue that can surprise a survivor when income sources are already shifting.

Strategic Roth conversions while both spouses are alive—often in the 60s or early 70s—may help trim future RMDs and give the survivor more control, a tactic many Carvana retirees may want to evaluate while they still benefit from joint tax brackets.

Corgiat emphasizes that conversions executed at comparatively lower rates can lessen the tax hit on both the survivor and heirs, while Wolf adds that thoughtful timing lowers the odds of large, forced taxable withdrawals later—key considerations for Carvana employees eyeing estate efficiency.

Philanthropy is shifting too, as more affluent families embrace “living legacy” giving so they can witness impact, but a sudden asset windfall can delay or confuse charitable intent if the less-involved spouse isn’t already engaged in the broader plan. 

Wolf recommends that spouses who haven’t driven the finances start participating early, since many women may ultimately steer multimillion-dollar portfolios and will benefit from hands-on experience before the transfer moment arrives. 

Coordinated planning across tax, investment, and estate disciplines can answer pivotal questions for Carvana retirees: How large might RMDs become with only one personal exemption? Would spreading Roth conversions over several years keep income in more favorable brackets? Are beneficiary designations current on retirement plans and insurance? Do charitable goals call for donor-advised funds, qualified charitable distributions (QCDs) from IRAs, or a family foundation? Has the estate been reviewed for credit shelter or portability strategies and potential federal or state estate taxes?

The death of the first spouse often triggers the most dramatic ownership and tax changes, so acting earlier—stress-testing single-life cash flows, harvesting gains or losses, accelerating withdrawals in low-income years, and reviewing insurance and titling—can materially influence outcomes for Carvana retirees.

Those headline numbers—$84.4 trillion overall, $72.6 trillion to heirs, $11.9 trillion to charities—signal the size of what’s coming, but the net amount that actually arrives depends on how transfers occur and which tax rules apply, especially for families with layered benefits and investments.

As this horizontal phase of wealth transfer approaches, Carvana employees may benefit by preparing actively to pass the baton to a suriving spouse.

SEO Snapshot / Keywords (keep for internal use or meta purposes):  estate tax preparation; IRA rollover regulations; widow inheritance; RMD age 73–75; Roth conversion strategy; wealth transfer 2045; horizontal wealth transfer; charitable giving in retirement; Carvana retirement planning; Carvana retirement benefits.

Analogy:  Picture a family’s wealth as a relay baton on an L-shaped track headed toward a $84.4 trillion finish line—$72.6 trillion earmarked for heirs and $11.9 trillion for charity—and the baton must first take a sideways turn between spouses, a reality many Carvana couples will face before assets sprint down the straightaway to children and philanthropy.

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Sources:

1. Cerulli Associates. “ Cerulli Anticipates $84 Trillion in Wealth Transfers Through 2045 .' 20 Jan. 2022.

2. MassMutual. “ The horizontal wealth transfer: Redefining women’s wealth ,” by Shelley Gigante, 10 Mar. 2025.

3. MarketWatch. “ When a spouse dies, there can be a ‘tax explosion’ for the one left behind ,” by Beth Pinsker, 18 Jan. 2025.

What is the 401(k) plan offered by Carvana?

Carvana offers a 401(k) plan that allows employees to save for retirement through pre-tax and/or Roth contributions, providing a tax-advantaged way to build savings.

Does Carvana match employee contributions to the 401(k) plan?

Yes, Carvana provides a company match on employee contributions to the 401(k) plan, helping employees increase their retirement savings.

How can I enroll in Carvana's 401(k) plan?

Employees can enroll in Carvana's 401(k) plan through the employee benefits portal or by contacting the HR department for assistance.

What types of investment options are available in Carvana's 401(k) plan?

Carvana's 401(k) plan offers a range of investment options, including mutual funds, target-date funds, and other investment vehicles to suit various risk tolerances.

Can I change my contribution percentage to Carvana's 401(k) plan at any time?

Yes, employees can change their contribution percentage to Carvana's 401(k) plan at any time, typically through the employee benefits portal.

What is the vesting schedule for Carvana's 401(k) company match?

Carvana has a specific vesting schedule for the company match, which means that employees must work for a certain period before they fully own the matched contributions.

Are there any fees associated with Carvana's 401(k) plan?

Yes, Carvana's 401(k) plan may have administrative and investment fees, which are disclosed in the plan documents provided to employees.

How often can I review my 401(k) account with Carvana?

Employees can review their 401(k) account with Carvana at any time through the plan's online portal, allowing for regular monitoring of investments.

What happens to my Carvana 401(k) if I leave the company?

If you leave Carvana, you have several options for your 401(k), including rolling it over to another retirement account, cashing it out, or leaving it in the Carvana plan if permitted.

Does Carvana allow loans against the 401(k) plan?

Yes, Carvana's 401(k) plan may allow employees to take loans against their vested balance, subject to specific terms and conditions.

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.
Carvana's 401(k) Plan: Carvana offers a traditional 401(k) plan, allowing employees to contribute a portion of their salary to a retirement savings account, which grows tax-deferred until withdrawal. In 2024, employees can contribute up to $23,000, with an additional catch-up contribution of $7,500 for those aged 50 or older, totaling $30,500. The company likely offers a match on employee contributions, though specific match details were not found. The plan includes a variety of investment options, typically mutual funds or ETFs, chosen by the employee from a list curated by the plan administrator​ (Annuity.org)​ (MissionSquare). Pension Plan: Carvana does not offer a traditional defined benefit pension plan as part of its retirement benefits package. Instead, they focus on the 401(k) plan, which aligns with the shift in many modern companies from defined benefit plans to defined contribution plans. The emphasis is on employee-driven retirement savings with employer support, rather than a fixed monthly pension payout​
Restructuring Layoffs (2023-2024): In response to economic pressures, Carvana has been undergoing significant restructuring efforts, including layoffs and reduction in work hours for many employees. These layoffs began in 2022 with the cutting of approximately 4,000 jobs and have continued into 2023 and 2024. The company has been discreetly reducing its workforce to combat financial losses, driven by increased inflation and rising interest rates. Carvana's stock has also suffered, with a 95% drop over the past year, further complicating its financial stability. Addressing these layoffs is crucial because they reflect broader economic challenges that could affect both current employees and investors, particularly in an unstable economic environment​ (markets.businessinsider.com). Benefit, Pension, and 401(k) Changes (2023-2024): Carvana has also been exploring changes to its employee benefits, particularly in terms of retiree health benefits. The company, like many others, is navigating the legal landscape concerning the reduction or elimination of post-employment health care benefits. For current and former employees, understanding these changes is essential as federal law does not protect retiree health benefits unless explicitly promised by the company. Such shifts in benefit structures underscore the importance of staying informed, especially given the volatile economic and political environment that impacts retirement planning
Carvana offers a comprehensive health benefits package including medical, dental, and vision insurance. They also provide access to telemedicine services and an Employee Assistance Program. There were updates to their benefits plan in 2023 to include more mental health resources and enhanced telehealth options.
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For more information you can reach the plan administrator for Carvana at 1930 W. Rio Salado Parkway Tempe, AZ 85281; or by calling them at +1 800-333-4554.

https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/carvana-layoffs-2023-what-to-know-about-the-latest-cvna-job-cuts-1032017776 https://www.theretirementgroup.com/featured-article/5448081/can-carvana-cut-benefits https://www.kiplinger.com/retirement/cash-balance-pension-plan-options https://www.mercer.com/insights/law-and-policy/taking-a-look-at-secure-2-0-defined-benefit-plan-provisions/ https://www.kiplinger.com/article/retirement/t047-c000-s004-the-pros-and-cons-of-cash-balance-plans.html https://www.annuity.org/retirement/401k/ https://www.missionsq.org/plan-sponsors/plan-rules/contribution-limits https://pensionrights.org/resource/retirement-plan-contribution-and-benefit-limits/ https://www.linkedin.com/company/carvana/ https://www.hrdive.com/

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