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Why an Aging Workforce and Demographic Shifts Could Impact Stock Markets—and Intel Employees' Retirement

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Healthcare Provider Update: Intel's Healthcare Provider and Upcoming Costs Intel primarily utilizes benefits through various healthcare providers, with many employees accessing plans from major insurers like UnitedHealthcare, Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield, and others depending on geographical region and specific plan offerings. As we look ahead to 2026, healthcare costs are anticipated to rise significantly, potentially impacting Intel employees and their families. With ACA premium hikes exceeding 60% in some states and the expiration of enhanced federal subsidies looming, many individuals could see their premiums increase by over 75%. Additionally, a rising trend in medical expenses, driven by inflation and supply chain challenges, coupled with escalating pharmaceutical costs, threatens to further strain household budgets. Consequently, these developments necessitate strategic planning by Intel employees to alleviate the financial burden associated with healthcare coverage in the coming year. Click here to learn more

'Understanding demographic trends, like the Middle-Old ratio, can offer invaluable insight for Intel employees planning for retirement, as it highlights the potential for slower stock market growth in the future and suggests strategic adjustments to portfolios to align with shifting global economic conditions.' – Michael Corgiat, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

'By recognizing the impact of demographic shifts, such as the Middle-Old ratio, Intel employees can better position their retirement portfolios to navigate upcoming market changes and demographic-driven economic shifts, helping their retirement planning to remain resilient in the face of long-term trends.' – Brent Wolf, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article, we will discuss:

  1. The impact of demographic shifts, particularly the Middle-Old ratio, on stock market trends and retirement planning.

  2. How population changes influence market cycles and economic growth, with a focus on Intel employees.

  3. Strategies for adjusting retirement portfolios based on demographic forecasts, including exposure to emerging markets.

The long-term outlook for stock markets and retirement planning is being affected by the demographic changes happening in the United States and other industrialized nations. The 'Middle-Old ratio' (M/O ratio), which analyzes the ratio of middle-aged to elderly individuals, is a key factor that investors, particularly Intel employees, should consider when planning for the future. For those preparing their retirement plans over the next decade or more, this ratio offers a unique approach to forecasting long-term stock market trends.

The Effect of the M/O Ratio on Stock Markets

The M/O ratio is determined by dividing the number of individuals aged 40 to 49 by the number of people aged 60 to 69. This metric has shown a strong correlation with long-term stock market cycles, especially in the S&P 500. Research conducted by Alejandra Grindal, chief economist at Ned Davis Research, has revealed that shifts in the M/O ratio often coincide with significant highs and lows in the stock market. 1

For example, in 2000, when the internet bubble burst and the 1990s bull market reached its peak, the M/O ratio reached its highest point. This marked the end of an era of rapid economic growth and stock market gains. Following this peak, the ratio began to decline, mirroring the 2008 global financial crisis and the subsequent bear market. Since the middle of the 2010s, the M/O ratio has been rising, indicating that a shift may be on the horizon within the next decade.

It is essential to note that while the M/O ratio may act as an indicator for long-term market trends, it is not useful for forecasting short-term market movements. For instance, it did not signal the steep market declines in 2022. Nevertheless, it remains a valuable tool for understanding the cyclical nature of the stock market.

The Influence of Demographics on Stock Market Cycles

John Geanakoplos, a professor at Yale University, has made significant contributions to understanding the relationship between financial markets and demographics. His 2002 study highlighted that many of the boom-and-bust cycles in the stock market since World War II can be attributed to shifts in population composition, particularly the proportion of middle-aged versus elderly individuals. 2  Geanakoplos explained that stock markets tend to rise when a significant portion of the population is in their prime working years and decline when a larger share of the population is elderly and no longer contributing to the economy.

This demographic shift is driven by the relative sizes of different age groups, not just the overall population. While some may focus on population growth when forecasting economic outcomes, it is the relative sizes of the middle-aged and senior cohorts that most significantly impact stock market performance.

It is expected that the M/O ratio will continue to rise into the 2030s. However, it will begin to decline again around the mid-2030s, which may signal a slowdown in stock market growth. This long-term pattern suggests that investors, particularly those at Intel preparing for retirement, should be ready for potentially weaker equity returns starting in the early 2030s.

Taking Demographic Trends into Account When Managing Your Retirement Portfolio

Anyone preparing for retirement, especially Intel employees with a long investment horizon, should understand how demographic shifts influence stock markets. This information can help you adjust your portfolio to align with anticipated market conditions, particularly if you are more than ten years away from retirement. As the M/O ratio seems to be peaking, it may be time to consider reducing exposure to U.S. stocks and reallocating to other regions, such as emerging markets.

For those nearing retirement, traditional strategies like those in target-date funds often recommend gradually decreasing equity exposure. For example, Vanguard’s target-date funds suggest a 30% allocation to U.S. stocks by the time an investor turns 65. However, due to demographic trends, a more cautious approach may be needed, especially for those in their 60s who wish to limit exposure to U.S. stocks.

Investors should also reevaluate the international component of their portfolios. While Vanguard's glide path recommends a 20% allocation to non-U.S. stocks, this may need to be adjusted based on the demographic outlook of specific countries. Over the next 25 years, developed nations outside the U.S. will also experience a decline in their M/O ratios, but not as sharply as in the U.S.

In the coming decades, emerging markets, particularly in Asia and Africa, are expected to see higher M/O ratios. As a greater portion of their populations enters middle age, these regions could experience economic expansion and market growth. To capitalize on these trends, it might make sense to increase your exposure to emerging markets, especially if you are nearing or already in retirement.

Conclusion: Preparing for Population Shifts and Stock Market Changes

Demographic trends, as illustrated by the M/O ratio, may influence stock markets and retirement planning. These trends indicate that starting in the early 2030s, investors, particularly those at Intel with long-term horizons, may want to prepare for a period of potentially slower equity growth. As the middle-aged population reaches its peak, the stock market dynamics may shift, potentially leading to reduced returns in developed nations, including the United States.

To account for these anticipated demographic changes, it may be helpful to consider lowering your exposure to U.S. stocks and increasing your investment in emerging markets, where demographic trends appear more favorable. By adjusting your portfolio to reflect these long-term patterns, you can potentially position for a future with slower market growth and shifting global economic conditions. For a more sustainable retirement, begin planning now.

As the elderly population grows, the global workforce is shrinking, which could slow economic growth. A 2023 World Economic Forum report states that aging populations are contributing to a decline in the global workforce, potentially dampening economic productivity. This trend may lead to slower stock market returns and increased inflation, especially in developed countries where the aging population is advancing more rapidly.

Retirement planning must evolve as demographic changes and stock market patterns change. Understanding the M/O ratio and its implications could help you adjust your retirement portfolio, especially when considering opportunities in emerging markets. By aligning your investments with these demographic shifts, you can better prepare for a future where market growth may slow, supporting a more sustainable retirement.

Think of the stock market as a vehicle traveling along a winding road. For years, the car has been running smoothly, driven by a powerful engine (the large working-age population). But now, the engine is aging, and the fuel (economic growth and productivity) is running low. The aging population is like the car approaching a steep incline. Investors must adjust their speed, refuel with more strategic investments, and be ready for a slower journey into retirement.

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Sources:

1. Grindal, Alejandra. 'Why America's Aging Population Will Be a Problem for Stocks and Your Retirement.'  Morningstar , 2 June 2025.

2. Geanakoplos, John, Michael Magill, and Martine Quinzii. 'Demography and the Long-Run Predictability of the Stock Market.'  Brookings Institution , Jan. 2004, pp. 245–311.

3. Roberts, Stan. 'Why America's Aging Population Will Be a Problem for Stocks and Your Retirement.'  MarketWatch , 2 June 2025.

4. VanEck Research Team. 'Emerging Markets: Policy Uncertainty Tempers a Strong Start to 2025.'  VanEck , May 2025.

5. BlackRock. 'Five Forces Shaping Retirement.'  BlackRock , Feb. 2025.

How does the Intel Pension Plan define the eligibility criteria for employees looking to retire, and what specific steps must they take to determine their benefit under the Intel Pension Plan?

Eligibility Criteria for Retirement: To be eligible for the Intel Pension Plan, employees must meet specific criteria, such as age and years of service. Benefits are calculated based on final average pay and years of service, and employees can determine their benefits by logging into their Fidelity NetBenefits account, where they can view their projected monthly benefit and explore different retirement dates​(Intel_Pension_Plan_Dece…).

What are the implications of choosing between a lump-sum distribution and a monthly income from the Intel Pension Plan, and how can employees assess which option is best suited for their individual financial circumstances?

Lump-Sum vs. Monthly Income: Choosing between a lump-sum distribution and monthly income under the Intel Pension Plan depends on personal financial goals. A lump-sum provides flexibility but exposes retirees to market risk, while monthly payments offer consistent income. Employees should consider factors like their financial needs, life expectancy, and risk tolerance when deciding which option fits their situation​(Intel_Pension_Plan_Dece…).

In what ways can changes in interest rates affect the lump-sum benefit calculation under the Intel Pension Plan, and why is it essential for employees to be proactive about their retirement planning concerning these fluctuations?

Interest Rates and Lump-Sum Calculations: Interest rates directly affect the lump-sum calculation, as higher rates reduce the present value of future payments, leading to a smaller lump-sum benefit. Therefore, it's crucial for employees to monitor interest rate trends when planning their retirement to avoid potential reductions in their lump-sum payout​(Intel_Pension_Plan_Dece…).

How do factors like final average pay and years of service impact the pension benefits calculated under the Intel Pension Plan, and what resources are available for employees to estimate their potential benefits?

Impact of Final Average Pay and Years of Service: Pension benefits under the Intel Pension Plan are calculated using final average pay (highest-earning years) and years of service. Employees can use available tools, such as the Fidelity NetBenefits calculator, to estimate their potential pension based on these factors, giving them a clearer picture of their retirement income​(Intel_Pension_Plan_Dece…).

How should employees approach their financial planning in light of their Intel Pension Plan benefits, and what role does risk tolerance play in deciding between a lump-sum payment and monthly income?

Financial Planning and Risk Tolerance: Employees should incorporate their pension plan benefits into broader financial planning. Those with a lower risk tolerance might prefer the steady income of monthly payments, while individuals willing to take investment risks might opt for the lump-sum payout. Balancing these decisions with other income sources is vital​(Intel_Pension_Plan_Dece…).

What considerations should Intel employees evaluate regarding healthcare and insurance needs when transitioning into retirement, based on the guidelines established by the Intel Pension Plan?

Healthcare and Insurance Needs: Intel employees approaching retirement should carefully evaluate their healthcare options, including Medicare eligibility, private insurance, and the use of their SERMA accounts. Considering how healthcare costs fit into their retirement budget is crucial, as these costs will likely increase over time​(Intel_Pension_Plan_Dece…).

How can employees maximize their benefits from the Intel Pension Plan by understanding the minimum pension benefit provision, and what steps can they take if their Retirement Contribution account falls short?

Maximizing Benefits with the Minimum Pension Provision: Employees can maximize their pension benefits by understanding the minimum pension benefit provision, which ensures that retirees receive a certain income even if their Retirement Contribution (RC) account balance is insufficient. Those whose RC accounts fall short will receive a benefit from the Minimum Pension Plan (MPP)​(Intel_Pension_Plan_Dece…).

What resources does Intel offer to support employees in their retirement transition, including assessment tools and financial planning services tailored to those benefiting from the Intel Pension Plan?

Resources for Retirement Transition: Intel provides several resources to support employees' transition into retirement, including financial planning tools and access to Fidelity's retirement calculators. Employees can use these tools to run scenarios and determine the most beneficial pension options based on their financial goals​(Intel_Pension_Plan_Dece…).

What strategies can retirees implement to manage taxes effectively when receiving payments from the Intel Pension Plan, and how do these strategies vary between lump-sum distributions and monthly income options?

Tax Strategies for Pension Payments: Managing taxes on pension payments requires strategic planning. Lump-sum distributions are often subject to immediate taxation, while monthly income is taxed as regular income. Retirees can explore tax-deferred accounts and other strategies to minimize their tax burden​(Intel_Pension_Plan_Dece…).

How can employees of Intel contact Human Resources to get personalized assistance with their pension questions or concerns regarding the Intel Pension Plan, and what specific information should they be prepared to provide during this communication?

Contacting HR for Pension Assistance: Intel employees seeking assistance with their pension plan can contact HR for personalized support. It is recommended that they have their employee ID, retirement dates, and specific pension-related questions ready to expedite the process. HR can guide them through benefit calculations and options​(Intel_Pension_Plan_Dece…).

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.
Intel offers a Minimum Pension Plan with a cash balance component. Benefits are calculated based on years of service, final average pay, and excess final average pay. Employees can choose between a lump-sum payment or monthly annuities upon retirement.
Layoffs and Restructuring: Intel is laying off around 12,000 employees as part of its restructuring plan to focus on cloud computing and data centers. Operational Strategy: The company is shifting its focus from PC-centric to data-centric businesses (Source: CNBC). Financial Performance: Despite the layoffs, Intel reported a strong financial performance in Q4 2023, with revenue increasing by 8% year-over-year (Source: Intel).
Intel Corporation provides stock options (SOs) and RSUs as part of its equity compensation packages. Stock options allow employees to purchase company stock at a fixed price after a specified vesting period, while RSUs vest over a few years based on performance or tenure. In 2022, Intel enhanced its equity programs with performance-based RSUs to align employee incentives with corporate goals. This trend continued in 2023 and 2024, with broader RSU availability and performance-linked stock options. Executives and middle management receive significant portions of their compensation in stock options and RSUs, fostering long-term alignment with company performance. [Source: Intel Annual Report 2022, p. 45; Intel Q4 2023 Report, p. 23; Intel Q2 2024 Report, p. 12]
Intel Corporation has been consistently updating its employee healthcare benefits to adapt to the changing economic, investment, tax, and political environment. In 2022, Intel introduced enhanced fertility benefits, offering up to $40,000 in fertility treatments and $15,000 for adoption expenses without any lifetime cap. These benefits are designed to support employees in starting or expanding their families, reflecting Intel's commitment to employee well-being and family support. Additionally, Intel provides comprehensive health coverage that includes medical, dental, and vision insurance, along with mental health support through various wellness apps like CALM, Modern Health, and Headspace. In 2023, Intel further bolstered its healthcare benefits by integrating advanced AI solutions to improve healthcare delivery and efficiency. Intel's AI technology is being used in medical imaging, predictive analytics for early intervention, and enhancing telemedicine services. These innovations aim to provide better healthcare support to employees by enabling more accurate diagnostics and efficient healthcare management. Intel's focus on leveraging AI for healthcare aligns with its broader strategy to drive innovation and improve employee health and productivity, ensuring the company remains competitive in a dynamic economic landscape.
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For more information you can reach the plan administrator for Intel at 2200 mission college blvd Santa Clara, CA 95054; or by calling them at 1-408-765-8080.

https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/central-libraries/us/en/documents/2022-08/benefits-overview-guide-us.pdf - Page 5, https://assets.ey.com/content/dam/ey-sites/ey-com/en_us/topics/tax/ey-us-employment-tax-rates-and-limits-for-2023-october-25.pdf?download - Page 12, https://www.ajg.com/us/-/media/files/gallagher/us/news-and-insights/2024-retirement-plan-limits.pdf - Page 15, https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/central-libraries/us/en/documents/2023-11/climate-transition-action-plan-2023.pdf - Page 8, https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/central-libraries/us/en/documents/2022-08/benefits-overview-guide-us-2.pdf - Page 22, https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/us/pdf/2022/10/22323.pdf - Page 28, https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/rr-22-02.pdf - Page 20, https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/central-libraries/us/en/documents/2023-11/climate-transition-action-plan-2023-2.pdf - Page 14, https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/central-libraries/us/en/documents/2023-11/climate-transition-action-plan-2023-3.pdf - Page 17, https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/central-libraries/us/en/documents/2022-08/benefits-overview-guide-us-3.pdf - Page 23

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