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10 Essential Investment Terms Every Vistra Employee Should Familiarize Themselves With

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Whether you live in Texas or Puerto Rico, you’ll receive quite a bit of useful information from this article. If you're new to investing following a departure from a Vistra company, you may encounter some unfamiliar jargon. Understanding the following terms may help you become a more confident investor.

Portfolio

An investment portfolio is a collection of investments owned by an individual or an institution. Typically, a portfolio comprises a mix of asset classes such as stocks, bonds, and cash. This will typically include any additional assets from retirement not limited to your Vistra pension, 401 (k), lump sum, and annuity payments. An investor's risk tolerance, time horizon, and investment goals generally determine a portfolio's asset allocation.

Stock

A stock is a security that represents ownership (or equity) in a corporation. Typically after a specific year of service, most Vistra employees will receive some form of stock as part of their benefits package. An investor who purchases shares of stock owns a piece of the company and has a claim on a portion of the assets and earnings. Shareholders are subject to the potential benefits and risks of that position, which means they can make money if the company does well or lose money if the company does poorly.

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Note: The return and principal value of stocks fluctuate with changes in market conditions. Shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost.

Bond

A bond is a fixed-income security issued by a government entity or corporation to raise money needed for ongoing operations or to finance new projects. Investors who buy bonds are essentially lending money to the issuing organization and become a creditor. Bondholders typically receive interest payments at regular, predetermined intervals. These payments are based on a fixed annual interest rate, also known as the bond's coupon rate. These interest rates also can effect your Vistra lump sum and annuity. Bondholders can expect to be paid the bond's full face amount at its stated maturity date, barring default by the issuer.

Note: The principal value of bonds may fluctuate with market conditions. Bonds redeemed prior to maturity may be worth more or less than their original cost.

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Cash

Cash is another investment type, or asset class. It includes currency and cash alternatives that offer low risk and high liquidity.

Some examples of common cash alternatives are savings accounts, certificates of deposit (CDs), and U.S. Treasury bills.

Note: The FDIC insures CDs and bank savings accounts, which generally provide a fixed rate of return, up to $250,000 per depositor, per insured institution.

Note: U.S. Treasury securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government as to the timely payment of principal and interest.

Mutual Fund

A mutual fund is a collection of stocks, bonds, and/or other securities purchased and managed by an investment company with funds from a group of investors. Shares are typically bought from and sold back to the investment company at the end of the trading day, with the price determined by the net asset value (NAV) of the underlying securities. Mutual funds offer investors the advantages of diversification and professional management. Diversification is a method used to help manage investment risk; it does not guarantee a profit or protect against investment loss. Understanding the level of diversification is important to making sure your retirement from Vistra is as care free as possible.

Exchange-Traded Fund

An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is also a portfolio of securities assembled by an investment company. But unlike mutual funds, ETF shares can be traded throughout the day on stock exchanges, like individual stocks, and the price may be higher or lower than the NAV because of supply and demand. ETFs typically have lower expense ratios than mutual funds, but you must pay a brokerage commission whenever you buy or sell ETFs, so your overall costs could be higher, especially if you trade frequently.

Note: The return and principal value of mutual funds and ETFs fluctuate with changes in market conditions. Shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Before investing, carefully consider the fund's investment objectives, risks, fees, and expenses, which can be found in the prospectus. Read it carefully before investing.

Dividends

Dividends are the distributions of a company's earnings to shareholders, generally paid in cash or additional shares of the company's stock on a quarterly basis. The dividend amount per share is decided by the company's board of directors. Dividends must be reported as income by shareholders in the year received. Understanding the ins and outs of taxes is an often overlooked part of clients dealing with dividends purchased with lump sum payouts from Vistra. Investors often view dividend payments as an indicator of the company's financial strength and future prospects.

Note: Investing in dividends is a long-term commitment. In exchange for less volatility and more stable returns, investors should be prepared for periods when dividend payers drag down, not boost, an equity portfolio. The amount of a company's dividend can fluctuate with earnings, which are influenced by economic, market, and political events. Dividends are typically not guaranteed and could be changed or eliminated.

Yield

Generally, the yield is the amount of current income provided by an investment. For stocks, the yield is calculated by dividing the total of the annual dividends by the current price. For bonds, the yield is calculated by dividing the annual interest by the current price. The yield is distinguished from the return, which includes price appreciation or depreciation. Investments seeking to achieve higher yields also involve a higher degree of risk.

Index

An index is a statistical composite used to track changes in economic conditions (such as inflation) or financial markets over time.

Investors use some indexes as benchmarks against which the performance of certain investments can be measured. For example, the S&P 500 Index is considered to be representative of the U.S. stock market in general, but there are hundreds of other indexes based on a wide variety of asset classes (stocks/bonds), market segments (large/small cap), and styles (growth/value).

Note: The performance of an unmanaged index is not indicative of the performance of any specific investment. Individuals cannot invest directly in an index. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Actual results will vary.

Bear/Bull Market

A bear market is generally defined as a period in which the prices of securities are falling, resulting in a downturn of 20% or more in several broad market indexes over a period of several months or longer. A bull market is a sustained period in which the market is rising and investor optimism is high, usually occurring over several months or years. Either of these market trends can influence the attitudes and behaviors of investors.

How does the eligibility criteria for participation in the Vistra Operations Company pension plan differ for represented and non-represented employees? Specifically, what factors should an employee of Vistra Operations Company consider in understanding whether they qualify for the PRB Structure of the Plan based on their employment agreements and status?

Eligibility Criteria for Represented and Non-Represented Employees: The Vistra Operations Company pension plan has distinct eligibility criteria for represented and non-represented employees. Non-represented employees hired or rehired on or after January 1, 2019, are not eligible to participate in the plan, as their benefits were frozen effective December 31, 2018. Represented employees are subject to their collective bargaining agreements, and their participation may vary depending on the terms of those agreements(Vistra_Operations_Compa…).

What steps should an employee at Vistra Operations Company take if they wish to contest a denial of benefits they believe they are entitled to under the plan? Please outline the procedures outlined in the document that the employees must follow to ensure their rights under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act are upheld.

Contesting a Denial of Benefits: Employees must file a written claim for benefits if they believe they were denied benefits under the plan. The plan administrator reviews the claim, and if it is denied, the employee has the right to request a review of the denial within 60 days. Employees can provide additional documentation and will receive a final decision within 60 to 120 days depending on circumstances. If the claim is denied after review, the employee has the right to file a civil action under ERISA(Vistra_Operations_Compa…)(Vistra_Operations_Compa…).

For employees of Vistra Operations Company who are nearing retirement age, what options do they have concerning their pension benefits, and how can they make the most informed decision regarding the form of payment they choose? What factors specific to their circumstances and relation to the plan should they consider, such as marital status or previous employment benefits?

Options for Employees Nearing Retirement: Employees nearing retirement have several options for receiving their pension benefits, including single life annuity or joint and survivor annuity payments. Factors such as marital status, existing benefits, and personal financial circumstances will affect their decision. For instance, married employees may elect a joint and survivor annuity, which provides reduced monthly payments during their lifetime and continues to pay a portion to their spouse after their death(Vistra_Operations_Compa…)(Vistra_Operations_Compa…).

In what ways does the Vistra Operations Company pension plan accommodate employees transitioning from another employer's retirement plan, particularly with frozen benefits under an acquired plan? Employees should consider how these changes could impact their retirement outcomes and what steps are needed to integrate these benefits.

Transitioning from Another Employer’s Retirement Plan: Employees who transition from another employer’s retirement plan, especially those whose benefits have been frozen under an acquired plan, may still be eligible for interest credits on their account balances. The plan allows these employees to continue receiving interest credits while their account remains in the plan, preserving the value of their retirement savings(Vistra_Operations_Compa…)(Vistra_Operations_Compa…).

How can employees of Vistra Operations Company name a beneficiary in relation to their retirement benefits, and what specific requirements must be met to ensure that the designation is legally valid? Discuss the implications for both the employees and their chosen beneficiaries, including any necessary consents or notarizations.

Naming a Beneficiary: Employees can designate a beneficiary for their pension benefits, and if they are married, their spouse must provide notarized consent if they choose someone else as their beneficiary. It is important to update this information following life changes, such as marriage or divorce, to ensure benefits are distributed according to their wishes(Vistra_Operations_Compa…).

What provisions are in place within the Vistra Operations Company pension plan for employees who become disabled before reaching retirement age? Employees should understand how disability benefits interact with their retirement benefits and what criteria they must meet to access these provisions.

Provisions for Disabled Employees: Employees who become disabled before reaching retirement age may still be eligible for 100% vesting in their pension benefits. The plan recognizes disability as a qualifying event for full vesting if the employee receives Social Security disability benefits(Vistra_Operations_Compa…).

How does the annual interest crediting rate for defined benefit plans apply to employees of Vistra Operations Company, and what recent adjustments have been implemented that might affect their retirement savings? Review the specifics in relation to current economic indicators affecting these plans.

Annual Interest Crediting Rate: For defined benefit plans, the interest crediting rate is based on the 30-year Treasury securities rate, which can affect employees’ retirement savings. Represented employees may be subject to minimum interest credit rates depending on their collective bargaining agreements, while non-represented employees' interest credits continue even after benefits were frozen(Vistra_Operations_Compa…).

What are the implications of being classified as a non-represented employee under the Viesta Operations Company pension plan, especially considering the plan was frozen for them starting January 1, 2019? Employees should evaluate how this classification impacts their retirement planning and options moving forward.

Impact of Being a Non-Represented Employee: Non-represented employees had their benefits frozen as of December 31, 2018. This freeze means they no longer accrue new benefits, but they may still receive interest credits on their existing frozen benefit. Employees in this classification should evaluate alternative retirement savings options moving forward(Vistra_Operations_Compa…).

Could you explain the importance of the â€œnormal retirement ageâ€ and how it affects the pension benefits for participants in the Vistra Operations Company pension plan? Illustrate how this age plays a significant role in defining eligibility and benefit calculations.

Importance of "Normal Retirement Age": The normal retirement age under the plan is 65. This age is critical because it affects when employees become eligible for their full pension benefits without reduction, which plays a significant role in the calculation and payment of benefits(Vistra_Operations_Compa…).

What are the best ways for employees of Vistra Operations Company to contact the Plan Administrator to obtain additional information about their pension benefits and claims? Provide details on the resources available and the recommended channels for reaching out effectively, particularly regarding any changes in address or personal details affecting their benefits. These questions are designed to guide employees through the retirement process and help them navigate the specifics of their pension plan under Vistra Operations Company.

Contacting the Plan Administrator: Employees can contact the Vistra Pension Center for information regarding their pension benefits. They can reach the center at 1-855-568-4146 or online at http://ypr.aon.com/Vistra for assistance with questions or changes to their personal details(Vistra_Operations_Compa…)(Vistra_Operations_Compa…).