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Interest rates are a key driver of most financial assets. While most often referenced in relation to the bond market, rates are also a key input in traditional equity valuation models, which incorporate market interest rates to determine the appropriate rate to discount future cash flows. Interest rates are an essential element in bond pricing and the yield that investors require to own a particular fixed-income security. Since hitting an all-time low in 2020, interest rates increased in 2021 and have continued that climb higher thus far in 2022. This has put pressure on fixed incomes and certain areas of the equity market, which has led to stress in certain areas of the stock market, such as growth stocks, which can be sensitive to interest rate shocks. With that in mind, let’s examine why rates have been moving up, and whether this should be a cause for concern for Altria Group employees.
MORE AGGRESSIVE FEDERAL RESERVE
The Federal Reserve (Fed) has already raised interest rates by 75 basis points this year. A 25 basis point hike in March followed by a 50 basis point hike in May. The Fed is currently expected to hike rates by 50 basis points in both the June and July meetings and will continue to hike through the better part of 2022. With inflation running hot and the job market showing strength, the fact that the Fed is finally moving away from zero shows confidence in the health of the job market. But the speed with which interest rates are expected to go up underscores its concern about the soaring cost of living. Americans living in areas like California or New York will experience this policy shift through higher borrowing costs: No longer will it be insanely cheap to take out mortgages or car loans and this along with higher inflation may lead to less investment in the market and more spending on needs, which is a main reason for market volatility, and important for Altria Group employees and retirees to keep in mind.
INFLATION CONCERNS
Inflation is also a primary determinant of long-term interest rates. Rising inflation has the potential to eat away at fixed-income returns, so naturally, inflation expectations are a component of the yield that investors require to own fixed income. Put simply, inflation is a result of too much money chasing too few goods, and there are concerns that the increase in the level of money in circulation may lead to this. The extraordinary level of fiscal and monetary stimulus put in place to combat the economic damage of Coronavirus caused a significant increase in the M2 money supply. As a result, we are currently seeing this increase in the level of money in circulation translate to a pickup in consumer spending, but also elevated inflation.
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RISKS OF A RECESSION
Now that the pandemic has started to recede, the Fed has once again started to raise short-
term interest rates. This policy change has caused market volatility to spike for the three
major reasons to the right.
Today as the Fed begins to aggressively hike interest rates, market participants worry we may endure a period of high inflation alongside weakening economic growth — otherwise known as stagflation.
This environment is another example of why we believe in and suggest to our clients from Altria Group that staying diversified is the best way to insulate portfolios from being too exposed to one risk factor.
Economic Definitions
M2 Money Supply: The M2 Money Supply, also referred to as “M2” or “Money Stock,” measures the amount of currency in circulation. M2 includes M1 (physical cash and checkable deposits) as well as less liquid money, such as saving bank accounts.
How does the retirement plan at Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation ensure the financial security of its employees in retirement? What are the specific features and benefits incorporated into the plan that aim to provide a reliable income source for employees after they retire?
Financial Security in Retirement: The retirement plan at Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation (B&W) provides financial security through its defined benefit structure, which ensures a steady stream of income post-retirement. The plan integrates with the RAI 401(k) Savings Plan, Social Security, and personal savings to offer a comprehensive retirement package, helping employees secure a reliable income after they retire.
In what ways does the Broward Health Cash Balance Pension Plan accommodate employees who wish to retire early? Explain the eligibility requirements, benefits available upon early retirement, and how these may differ from benefits received at normal retirement age.
Integration with Social Security: B&W's retirement plan works in conjunction with Social Security benefits and individual savings to create a well-rounded retirement strategy. The retirement income calculation incorporates a Social Security Adjustment, which reduces the pension benefit by a portion of Social Security payments. Employees should consider the combined effect of these sources when planning their retirement income to ensure they meet their financial needs.
How does the vesting schedule work within the Broward Health Cash Balance Pension Plan, and what does it mean for employees in terms of their rights to benefits? Elaborate on how years of service impact vesting percentages and detail the consequences for employees who leave before becoming fully vested.
Eligibility for Early Retirement Pension: Eligibility for early retirement at B&W depends on the employee being at least 55 years old with a minimum of 10 years of Qualifying Service. The calculation of early retirement benefits considers factors like years of service and age, with reductions applied for retirement before age 60. Those with 30 years of service can avoid reductions even if they retire early.
What role does the Broward Health Pension Plan Committee play in the administration of the Cash Balance Pension Plan, and how does this committee ensure compliance with applicable laws and the financial soundness of the plan? Discuss the responsibilities of overseeing plan implementation and benefits management.
Payment Forms and Impact: B&W offers various forms of retirement payments, including single life annuities and joint and survivor annuities. Each option has different financial implications, with single life annuities offering higher payments but ending upon the retiree’s death, while joint annuities provide for a surviving spouse at a reduced rate. Employees must weigh these options to choose the one that best suits their financial goals.
How does the Broward Health Cash Balance Pension Plan address potential changes or amendments to its terms, and what protections are in place for employees' vested rights? Discuss the process for plan amendments and any circumstances under which the plan could be terminated.
Disability and Death Benefits: B&W’s retirement plan provides disability and pre-retirement death benefits, offering financial protection for employees and their families in unexpected circumstances. For example, a surviving spouse may receive a Pre-Retirement Surviving Spouse Annuity if the employee dies before retirement, ensuring continued financial support.
For employees with prior service history seeking to return to Broward Health, how does the Cash Balance Pension Plan facilitate the recognition of their past contributions and service? Discuss re-employment rules and how they affect benefit calculations for those returning after a break in service.
Steps to Initiate Retirement: To initiate the retirement process, employees must contact the Alight Benefits Center 60 to 90 days before their desired retirement date. The process includes understanding accrued benefits, selecting a payment form, and completing the required paperwork to ensure a smooth transition into retirement.
What options are available to employees of Broward Health regarding beneficiary designations, and how does this affect benefit distributions upon an employee's death? Detail the procedures for appointing a beneficiary and the implications of not having a designated beneficiary in place.
Accessing Benefits after Termination: Former employees who leave B&W before meeting the vesting requirements may not be eligible for full retirement benefits. However, those who complete at least five years of Qualifying Service before leaving are fully vested and can receive benefits when they reach the appropriate retirement age.
How does the Broward Health Cash Balance Pension Plan manage and calculate interest credits on cash balance accounts? Discuss the methodology for determining interest rates and the impact these credits have on overall retirement savings.
ERISA Rights: Employees participating in the B&W retirement plan are entitled to rights under ERISA, such as the right to receive information about the plan, review plan documents, and appeal denied benefit claims. These rights ensure that participants are well-informed and protected under federal law.
What challenges might Broward Health employees face when navigating the claim filing process for retirement benefits? Describe the steps involved in requesting benefits, what to do in case of a denied claim, and the importance of timely communications with the Plan Administrator.
Handling Unlocatable Participants: If participants cannot be located for benefit distribution, their payments are temporarily forfeited. However, B&W has a process to restore these benefits if the participant is later found, without the addition of interest. Employees should keep their contact information updated to avoid such issues.
How can employees contact Broward Health to learn more about the Cash Balance Pension Plan and its provisions? Provide details on the available resources, including contact information for the Employee Benefits department, and explain how these resources can assist employees in understanding their retirement options.
Contact Information for Resources: Employees can contact the RAI Benefits Administration Committee for plan-related questions or the Alight Benefits Center for administrative assistance. The Alight Benefits Center can be reached at 1-866-342-6986 or through the website www.RAIbenefits.com for help with retirement processes and questions(Brown_and_Williamson_To…).
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