Key Questions for Harvard Employees to Explore When Evaluating an Early Retirement Package

With the economic downturn and recession looming, companies across various industries are facing an uncertain future. We have been planning with Harvard client's retirement for decades, and when an offer comes along, you typically don’t much time to act on it. Many give only 2 weeks to 30 days to make a decision. Many organizations are being forced to cut expenses to stay afloat, and unfortunately, that means workforce cuts in the form of furloughs, payroll reductions and forced layoffs.

You have spent decades planning for retirement. Just when you think you have everything figured out and a concrete retirement plan in place, you’re thrown a curveball. Harvard has offered you an early retirement or voluntary separation package.

You were planning on retiring in a few years. Now what?

If you’ve received an early retirement offer, accepting it doesn’t mean you must retire from the workforce altogether. It just means that you can no longer work for Harvard. If you think you may be getting an early retirement package, here are questions to consider as you review your offer.

What is an early retirement offer?

Does it include health benefits?

How does it affect my retirement assets?

How does it impact social security benefits?

What if I don’t want to retire, or can’t afford to?

Can I negotiate my offer?

What if I don’t accept my early retirement offer?

What is An Early Retirement Offer?

Early retirement packages, also known as retirement buyouts, are generally offered to employees who may be approaching retirement age, usually in a company’s efforts to reduce its overall costs.

These packages may include perks in addition to standard severance benefits. For example, an employer may offer an extended salary continuation, a lump sum, payment of healthcare benefits or additional years of service to help employees reach the required time needed to collect a pension.

Some employers may even pay for career counseling or placement services to help you find your next job (if you want or need to keep working), but that benefit may be limited in the current environment.

Does my retirement offer include health benefits?

Health care has become one of the largest expenses for a retiree, even with good insurance. For many, a company’s contribution to your family’s health insurance premium is critical to keeping medical insurance and care affordable.

If you are lucky, your voluntary severance package will extend your health benefits. Companies may include health insurance benefits for a period of time in an early retirement package, but this varies by employer. If your offer from Harvard includes medical coverage, make sure you understand how long you’re covered for and to what extent. If health benefits aren’t part of your initial offer, consider negotiating for any crucial coverage and premium benefits. Health insurance will be needed until you are age 65 and become eligible for Medicare. However, not all those offered an early retirement package are so lucky.

If you will be on your own paying for health insurance after accepting an early retirement offer from Harvard, COBRA insurance is always available. COBRA may extend your family’s coverage for up to 18 months. But this coverage is expensive. You might be able to get added to your spouse's health plan if they are still working.

If you still want to work, look into a company that offers health benefits to get you to age 65 You also have the option of entering the open market for an insurance policy. If you don’t have healthcare benefits or don’t yet qualify for Medicare, you may want to consider purchasing a health insurance policy from the Health Insurance Marketplace.

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For example, a 60-year-old on a Silver-level plan may pay an average monthly premium of $1,216 in 2022, but this also does not include out-of-pocket expenses, such as deductibles, copays, or coinsurance.

Before making a decision about an early retirement offer from Harvard, determine if your severance package includes any health care benefits. If not, price out other health care options, such as those available on Heathcare.gov . Can the added expenses be supported with your retirement savings?

How does an early retirement package affect my retirement assets?

Retirement accounts

If you have a Harvard-sponsored 401(k) plan and are 100% vested, then that money is yours to keep. After leaving Harvard, you can consider rolling your 401(k) over to a new or existing IRA.

Workers who are 55 or older that take an early retirement package may be eligible to withdraw money from their Harvard-sponsored retirement plan, such as a 401(k) , without paying the 10% IRS penalty. This only applies if withdrawing from a current employer’s retirement plan, not any past employer. Just keep in mind that while you won’t have to pay the 10% penalty, you will have to pay income taxes on withdrawals from your 401(k).

Note: Rule of 55 works only if you leave money in your 401(K)

Another method to avoid the 10% penalty is to utilize 72t if you rolled you money into an IRA. You will need to take Substantially equal payments for 5 year or at age 59 1/2, whichever is later.

Accepting an early retirement offer or voluntary severance package from Harvard may require you to begin withdrawals from your 401(k), IRA, or other retirement accounts sooner than you originally expected.

Extra years of retirement can take a toll on your retirement nest egg. In fact, retiring earlier than planned can result in hundreds of thousands of dollars in extra expenses that your retirement portfolio must now support. It may also limit the growth of your assets already invested since you have to spend instead of saving.

Can your retirement portfolio withstand fewer years of contributions and more years of withdrawals? This is the first question you need to answer when making your decision.

When we help Harvard clients answer this question, we commonly use a cash flow analysis. This allows us to simulate different scenarios side-by-side, and quickly see the impact accepting – or declining – an early severance offer will have on your financial plan.

Pensions

Harvard employees who have earned a pension may worry that taking early retirement will affect their monthly benefits. Many pension plans partly determine monthly benefits based on how long an employee has worked for the company, so leaving early could reduce that monthly figure.

To offset these concerns, Harvard may increase the total number of years of service as part of the early retirement package. This can help bridge the gap for those who would receive a reduced pension as a result of retiring early.

Social Security benefits

An early retirement package from Harvard can affect your Social Security benefits if you leave the workforce before working for a total of 35 years. The Social Security Administration averages your highest-earning 35 years of employment to decide your monthly benefits. For example, if you only worked for 32 years, then the government would add a $0 salary for three years to come up with your 35-year average. That means those three years of unemployment would technically count “against” you.

One potential consequence of accepting an early retirement offer is a reduction in Social Security benefits. Your future pension payments may also be reduced, depending on the language in your separation package.

If you accept an early retirement package, the benefits listed on your statement is not what you will receive. These estimated Social Security benefits assume that you continue to work for Harvard and make your current salary. As a retiree who accepts an early voluntary severance package, your future income will likely be reduced. This means potentially lower future Social Security payments.

Likewise, your pension statement likely makes assumptions on years of service. If you accept an early retirement offer, your years of service may be less than what your pension statement assumes.

The first step is to determine what your Social Security or pension benefits will be if you accept the early retirement package. We use several different cash flow analyses to determine your future pension benefits and your optimal Social Security selection. Calculating your optimal Social Security and pension depends on the options you have available, your savings, and your spending needs.

Pensions, and particularly pension benefits for those who retire early, often have options for increased payments until the retiree reaches Social Security age. This is usually referred to as a ‘Social Security Offset’ option. This option adds more to your early benefits, but your lifetime benefits may be reduced.

You also will have to consider what portion of your pension would be left to your spouse if you were to pass away in retirement. For most, the peace of mind by ensuring their spouse will receive a sizeable pension, is best. However, this will leave you with lower monthly benefits.

You may know that your monthly Social Security benefit is increased the longer you delay beginning your benefit. But that requires you to likely draw down on your retirement savings more early on in retirement. Social Security increases its payouts by 6.7% to 8.3%, plus an additional increment for inflation, for every year a beneficiary between ages 62 and 70 refrains from collecting a check. Sometimes delaying collecting benefits for just one year could have a huge impact on a successful retirement for married couples. It may make sense for the lower-earning spouse to claim benefits early, while the higher-earning spouse delays.

Therefore, not only is it important to known which Social Security strategy gets you the most money in total, but also which options fits best with your retirement plan. If you are evaluating the early retirement offer on your own, you can start by using the Social Security Administration’s Benefits Estimator .

From there, you can enter estimated future income to arrive at an estimated correct Social Security benefit. Once you have this updated, compare your new estimate to your monthly expenses. What impact will this reduced benefit reduction will have on your retirement plan and anticipated retirement account withdrawals?

Accepting an early retirement offer may force you to tap into your retirement savings, such as your 401(k) or IRA earlier, or it may mean changing when you will need to begin receiving Social Security benefits.

Unemployment benefits

If you decide to take an early retirement package, you may still be eligible for unemployment in certain circumstances. Your state may have its own qualifications, such as a specific period of service with a company before you can claim unemployment after leaving Harvard.

What if I don’t want to retire early, or I can’t afford to?

If you're unsure about your financial future, you might consider working with a financial advisor to go over your finances and how an early exit package may impact your retirement plans.

If you can’t retire just yet, try to determine if a part-time job will be enough to fill the gaps. If not, can you at least afford to take a pay cut with your next job? If so, how much? Try to map out these answers while also thinking about ways you can cut back on expenses and adjust your budget to accommodate your new income.

If you end up landing another job, your early retirement package won’t be impacted. However, you may want to check for a non-compete disclosure that could prevent you from working with one of Harvard's competitor for a specified time.

Can I negotiate my early retirement offer?

Just as you would negotiate a salary for a job offer, consider negotiating an early retirement package, too. Some employers may be willing to offer more money in the form of extended salary coverage or a lump-sum, better healthcare benefits or an addition to your years of service. Of course, they may decline, but you won’t know if you don’t ask.

If You Accept a Voluntary Separation Package – Consider Roth Conversions

Roth conversions can be an incredibly valuable tool for those who accept an early retirement offer. They can increase asset longevity and reduce total taxes paid during their retirement.

For those with retirement account assets in tax deferred retirement savings accounts (like 401(k)s and IRAs), an early retirement offer opens up the potential to save significantly on future taxes . Those who accept an early retirement buyout offer from Harvard will likely be facing a year or two of reduced income before Social Security benefits kick in. These years of reduced income can be the perfect time to convert some assets within your 401(k) or traditional IRA into a Roth IRA.

What if I don’t accept my early retirement offer?

Rejecting an Early Severance Offer

Of course, you have the option to say no to any voluntary severance package offered by Harvard.

If you want to continue working, or are unable to retire early, this may be your best option. Working additional years can lead to pay raises, promotions, increased Social Security and pension payments, and increased financial stability. However, rejecting an early retirement offer has potential drawbacks, too.

First, there is no guarantee that Harvard will repeat the early retirement offer in the future. Assuming that another offer will come later is not always a wise move. Second, and more importantly, realize that companies offers an early severance package to its employees to cut costs. If the company’s finances do not improve, there may be much worse outcomes in the future. Harvard may make layoffs, reduce employee pay, or eliminate other benefits.

What are the key distribution options available to employees at Harvard University upon retirement, and how do these options differ regarding tax implications? Employees should understand both the annuity options and lump-sum distributions available under the Harvard University Retirement Plan, as these can significantly affect their financial outcomes in retirement. Harvard University provides various choices depending on the lump-sum value, and it's essential to analyze each choice carefully to maximize retirement benefits.

Key Distribution Options: Upon retirement, Harvard University employees can choose between a lump-sum distribution, a rollover to another retirement account, or an annuity with different options, including a single-life annuity or joint and survivor annuity(Harvard University Reti…). Lump-sum payments may lead to immediate tax liabilities, while annuity options offer more tax-deferred growth(Harvard University Reti…).

How does the choice of an annuity payment method impact the long-term financial security of retirees at Harvard University? Employees need to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of single life versus joint and survivor annuities, considering not only their own financial needs but also those of potential beneficiaries. The decision can affect monthly income levels and the benefits passed on to surviving partners or dependents.

Impact of Annuity Payment Method: Choosing a single-life annuity maximizes monthly payments but provides no benefits after the retiree’s death. A joint and survivor annuity reduces monthly payments but ensures ongoing income for a surviving spouse or beneficiary, offering more long-term financial security for both parties(Harvard University Reti…).

What specific conditions must be met for a retired employee of Harvard University to elect the Consolidated Harvard Annuity Option (CHAO), and what benefits might this offer? Understanding the eligibility criteria for CHAO and its implications on retirement planning will help employees make informed decisions. The CHAO allows for a potential increase in annuity benefits, but there are specific deadlines and requirements that participants must adhere to.

Consolidated Harvard Annuity Option (CHAO): To elect the CHAO, employees must terminate their employment after April 30, 2006, and have a Basic Retirement Account balance exceeding $1,000. They must elect the CHAO within 60 days of termination to exchange their investment account for a higher annuity(Harvard University Reti…)(Harvard University Reti…).

How can employees at Harvard University ensure that they have properly designated beneficiaries within their retirement plans, and what are the ramifications of failing to do so? The importance of keeping beneficiary designations up to date cannot be overstated, as it impacts how benefits are distributed upon the participantâ€™s death. Employees must familiarize themselves with the required forms and the potential consequences of having outdated or incorrect designations.

Beneficiary Designations: Employees should ensure their beneficiary designations are up to date by completing the appropriate forms. Failure to do so could result in benefits being distributed according to marital status or to unintended recipients(Harvard University Reti…).

In what ways do the spousal consent rules affect the retirement options for married employees of Harvard University, and why is this a critical aspect to consider when planning for retirement? Understanding the spousal consent requirements is vital for retirees since failing to adhere to these regulations can lead to unintended consequences, including issues related to benefit disbursement. Employees should seek to navigate these requirements carefully to secure their desired benefit structure.

Spousal Consent Rules: Married employees must obtain spousal consent, witnessed by a notary or plan representative, if they choose a retirement distribution option that does not provide survivor benefits to their spouse(Harvard University Reti…). Failure to adhere to these rules can result in complications with benefit disbursement(Harvard University Reti…).

How does the $1,000 threshold affect retirement distribution choices for employees retiring from Harvard University, and what specific options are available once this threshold is considered? Employees need to be informed about the options that arise based on the value of their Basic Retirement Account when making distribution decisions. Knowing whether an annuity or lump-sum option is available can significantly influence retirement planning and benefits.

$1,000 Threshold: If an employee's Basic Retirement Account value is $1,000 or less, they must take a lump-sum payment or rollover, as annuity options are unavailable. The lump-sum is subject to tax withholding unless rolled over(Harvard University Reti…).

What steps should employees at Harvard University take if they wish to defer their retirement distributions, and what factors should they consider before making this decision? Deferring distributions can offer various tax advantages and impact retirement income strategies. Employees should evaluate their financial situations, anticipate future needs, and understand the timelines involved in the deferment process to make sound choices.

Deferring Distributions: Employees can defer their distributions until the April 1st following the year they turn 70½. Deferring can offer tax advantages and allow time for the value of retirement funds to grow(Harvard University Reti…).

What are the consequences of electing a lump-sum distribution from a retirement account at Harvard University, particularly in terms of immediate and long-term tax implications? Employees considering a lump-sum distribution must recognize that such options can lead to significant tax liabilities and potential penalties, especially if improperly managed. A thorough understanding of these financial repercussions can aid in making choices that align with retirement goals.

Lump-Sum Distribution Consequences: Opting for a lump-sum distribution can result in substantial tax liabilities, including early withdrawal penalties if under age 59½. However, rolling the distribution into another retirement account can mitigate tax impacts(Harvard University Reti…).

How can employees contact the Harvard University Retirement Center to learn more about their retirement plan options, and what information should they prepare before reaching out? Understanding how to access information and ask the right questions is crucial for employees looking to navigate their retirement options effectively. Having personal details and specific inquiries ready when contacting the Harvard University Retirement Center will facilitate a more productive dialogue.

Contacting the Retirement Center: Employees can reach the Harvard University Retirement Center at 800-527-1398 for information. They should have their pension statement, retirement account details, and any specific questions prepared(Harvard University Reti…).

What should employees at Harvard University consider when choosing whether to roll over their retirement benefits into another employer's retirement plan or an IRA? The decision to roll over retirement benefits comes with various implications, including investment choices, fees, and the overall management of retirement funds. An in-depth understanding of the pros and cons of rollover options will empower employees to make informed decisions that best suit their financial futures.

Rollover Options: Rolling over retirement benefits into another employer’s plan or an IRA allows employees to maintain tax-deferred growth. It is crucial to compare fees, investment options, and withdrawal rules before making a decision(Harvard University Reti…).