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New Update: Healthcare Costs Increasing by Over 60% in Some States. Will you be impacted?

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Investing Insights for Baxter International Employees: The Pros and Cons of Dollar-Cost Averaging vs. Lump-Sum Contributions

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Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for Baxter International Baxter International primarily partners with a variety of global healthcare providers to ensure effective distribution and management of its medical products and services. Notable partnerships exist with organizations like the University of Chicago Medicine and various hospital systems across the United States, focusing on enhancing patient care through innovative medical technologies. Potential Healthcare Cost Increases in 2026 As we approach 2026, substantial hikes in healthcare costs are anticipated, particularly within the Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace. Reports indicate that healthcare insurance premiums could surge by over 60% in some states, driven by higher medical costs and the possible expiration of enhanced federal premium subsidies. The Kaiser Family Foundation warns that nearly 22 million marketplace enrollees may face premium increases of up to 75%, exacerbating the financial challenges for many consumers. These dynamics create a precarious situation as both insurers and patients navigate escalating out-of-pocket expenses, raising concerns about access to affordable healthcare in the coming year. Click here to learn more

Table of Contents

The Value Series

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Given the current elevated market volatility, we think now is a good time to revisit important value metrics in our four-part series. As an employee or retiree of Baxter International, who likely has little market analysis experience, we understand that the valuation process can seem confusing. However, we are here to tell you that the valuation process does not have to be complex to be successful. Simple valuation techniques such as the price-to-book ratio are generally easy to use and have been proven to be effective if utilized correctly.  Investors are often looking for ways for their clients to beat the market. If you're one of those investors, you may want to consider the following strategy that has been implemented by the investment greats. Some value investors have historically beat the average annualized returns of the S&P 500, and many have successful track records spanning several decades to prove it. Baxter International employees, it is important to be knowledgeable regarding tactics used by famous investors such as Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, David Dodd, Charlie Munger, Christopher Browne and Seth Klarman. The investment style implemented by these professionals focus on four metrics that characterize a value investment. These four metrics include the Price to Earnings Ratio, the Price to Cash Flow Ratio, High Dividend Yield and the Price to Book Ratio. These metrics, as you will see, are strong indicators of undervalued security. If undervalued security is brought back to fair value then we would see positive returns on that security.  For Baxter International employees, it is possible to utilize these metrics to better position yourself in the market for heightened returns. We will examine the effect of investing based off of certain characteristics and how their investment returns are correlated. Today, I want to end the four-part TRG Value Series with the granddaddy of metrics, the Price-to-Book value ratio (P/B).

What is Book Value?

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Book value is preferred by many value investors to cash flow and earnings metrics because it is more stable year-to-year whereas cash flow and earnings can vary greatly. This is an important property for those at Baxter International to look out for due to the following reason: When a business at a cyclical trough with diminished cash flow and earnings might look expensive on the basis of price-to-cash flow or price-to-earnings, that same business may appear cheap on the basis of price-to-book value. This is because book value won’t fall much or at all in a downturn, and vice versa. Thus, the argument goes, the price-to-book value gives a more reliable picture of a company’s usual business performance, which Baxter International employees can use to elevate their investment decisions and investment performance. Benjamin Graham popularized the indicator in his books “Security Analysis” and “The Intelligent Investor”. Nobel Prize winner Eugene Fama and his research partner Kenneth French used the ratio in their three- and five-factor models to describe stock returns. Professor Joseph Piotroski uses the ratio as the only valuation measure in his F-Score methodology.

Testing

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We understand the importance of data driven research for Baxter International employees and retirees. Set out below are the results of two Fama and French backtests of the book value-to-market equity (the inverse of the PB ratio) data from 1926 to 2013. As of December 2013, there were 3,175 firms in the sample (Carlisle-PB, P2). The value decile contained the 459 stocks with the highest earnings yield, and the glamour decile contained the 404 stocks with the lowest earnings yield.

 

 

The average size of the glamour stocks is $7.48 billion and the value stocks are $2.54 billion. (Note that the average is heavily skewed by the biggest companies. For context, the 3,175th company has a market capitalization today of $404 million, which is smaller than the average, but still investable for most investors). Portfolios are formed on June 30 and rebalanced annually. When accounting for this backtest, Baxter International employees may recognize how two portfolios are weighted by market capitalization, which means that bigger firms contribute more to the performance of the portfolio, and smaller firms contribute less. Here, we can see that the value decile has comprehensively outperformed the glamour decile, returning 12.6 percent compounded (17.7 percent in the average year) over the full period versus 8.6 percent for the glamour decile (10.9 percent in the average year) (Carlisle-PB, P3).

 

These returns are considerably lower than the returns found for the price-to-earnings and cash-flow ratios discussed earlier. Despite the irregularity, Baxter International employees must be aware that the earnings and cash flow back tests ran back to only 1951, and the book value return data begins in 1926. The difference is due to the 1929 crash, which had an oversized impact on returns. The impact of the crash is visible on the chart; it took twenty years for the value decile to fully recover. Baxter International employees must also note how something similar has happened to the glamour decile since 2000; it hasn’t grown in 13 years. To make a comparison possible of the book value’s performance to the performance of earnings and cash flow over the same period, I also measured the returns beginning in 1951. Since 1951, the low P/B value decile has generated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.0 percent and an average annual return (AAR) of 17.9 percent. Over the same period, the glamour decile returned a CAGR of 9.6 percent and an AAR of 12.6 percent (Carlisle-PB, P5). These returns are approximately the same as the returns generated by the low P/CF and P/E studies over the same period.

 

 

In their study, they found that the quintile of the lowest P/E stocks significantly outperformed the high P/E quintile. The portfolio containing the lowest P/E stock returned 11.61% annualized compared to 4.83% for the highest P/E portfolio and 7.55% for the used universe of stocks. The graph below shows how the cumulative returns compare (it’s not even close). Baxter International employees can utilize this information to avoid investing in underperforming assets and better predict economic trends that translate into higher ROI.

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Weighting

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It is important for employees and retirees of Baxter International to understand how market capitalization-weighted returns are useful for demonstrating that the outperformance of value over glamour is not due to the value portfolios containing smaller stocks. Unless you’re running an index (or hugging an index), they’re not really meaningful. The easiest portfolio weighting scheme is to simply equally weight each position. (If we’re prepared to put up with a little extra volatility for a little extra return, we can also Kelly weight our best ideas). Kelly Weighting is determined by the Kelly Criterion which is a formula used to determine what percentage of their capital should be used in each trade to maximize long-term growth. There are two key components to the formula (Kelly % = W- [(1 - W) / R]): the winning probability factor (W) and the win/loss ratio (R). The winning probability is the probability a trade will have a positive return. The win/loss ratio is equal to the total positive trade amounts divided by the total negative trading amounts. The result of the formula will tell investors what percentage of their total capital they should apply to each investment. By utilizing the Kelly Weighting, investors employed or retiring from Baxter International can have a better grasp of their exposure to each individual asset in their portfolio and make informed decisions regarding their asset allocation.

 

Baxter International employees should also account for the equal weight return statistics for book value.  In the equal weight backtest, the value generated a 20.2 percent compounded return (27.3 percent on average), beating out glamour’s 6.3 percent compounded return (10.4 percent on average) (Carlisle-PB, P10). Since 1951 the equally weighted P/B value decile has generated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.0 percent and an average annual return (AAR) of 25.4 percent (Carlisle-PB, P11).

 

 

 

 

Over the same period, the glamour decile returned a CAGR of 6.4 percent and an AAR of 10.8 percent. These returns are close to the same as the returns generated by the low P/CF and P/E studies over the same period. When accounting for this information, Baxter International employees must recognize that the value portfolios outperformed because they bought more book value per dollar invested than the glamour portfolios: 4.57x on average versus 0.25x in the glamour portfolios (Carlisle-PB, P12). In the equal-weight portfolios, value has significantly outperformed glamour since 1999, beating it by an extraordinary 15.9 percent compounded, and 16.1 percent in the average year (Carlisle-PB, P13).

The Brandes Research Institute

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Because we understand just how important data-driven solutions are for our Baxter International employees and retirees, we have provided another study, which discusses the P/CF ratio. In a Brandes Research Institute study, Exhibit 6 below illustrates the global all-cap findings across three price metrics.

 

 

 

 

The results confirmed a consistent value premium across all metrics. We will focus on the P/CF ratio and the outperformance in the decile 10 value stocks. The smallest outperformance between decile 1 glamour stocks and decile 10 value stocks can be observed with the P/B measurement, where the average outperformance was 7.1% (Brandes, p. 8).

About The Retirement Group    

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The Retirement Group is a nation-wide group of financial advisors who work together as a team.

 

We focus entirely on retirement planning and the design of retirement portfolios for transitioning corporate employees. Each representative of the group has been hand selected by The Retirement Group in select cities of the United States. Each advisor was selected based on their pension expertise, experience in financial planning, and portfolio construction knowledge.

TRG takes a teamwork approach in providing the best possible solutions for our clients’ concerns. The Team has a conservative investment philosophy and diversifies client portfolios with laddered bonds, CDs, mutual funds, ETFs, Annuities, Stocks and other investments to help achieve their goals. The team addresses Retirement, Pension, Tax, Asset Allocation, Estate, and Elder Care issues. This document utilizes various research tools and techniques. A variety of assumptions and judgmental elements are inevitably inherent in any attempt to estimate future results and, consequently, such results should be viewed as tentative estimations. Changes in the law, investment climate, interest rates, and personal circumstances will have profound effects on both the accuracy of our estimations and the suitability of our recommendations. The need for ongoing sensitivity to change and for constant re-examination and alteration of the plan is thus apparent.

Therefore, we encourage you to have your plan updated a few months before your potential retirement date as well as an annual review. It should be emphasized that neither The Retirement Group, LLC nor any of its employees can engage in the practice of law or accounting and that nothing in this document should be taken as an effort to do so. We look forward to working with tax and/or legal professionals you may select to discuss the relevant ramifications of our recommendations.

Throughout your retirement years we will continue to update you on issues affecting your retirement through our complimentary and proprietary newsletters, workshops and regular updates. You may always reach us at (800) 900-5867.

Sources

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  1. What to do with an Early Retirement Ebook

  2. Social Security Ebook

  3. Lump Sum vs. Annuity Ebook

  4. 401(k) Rollover Strategies Ebook

  5. Closing the Retirement Gap Ebook

  6. Brandes Institute, The. “Value vs. Glamour: A Long-Term Worldwide Perspective”. 2014. < https://www.brandes.com/docs/default-source/brandes-institute/value-vs-glamour-worldwide-perspective>. 

  7.  Carlisle, Tobias. “Investing Using the Price-to-Earnings Ratio and Earnings Yield (Backtests 1951 to 2013)”. May 26, 2014. <http://greenbackd.com/2014/05/26/price-to-earnings-ratio-backtest-1951-to-2013/>.

  8. Causeway Capital. “The Compelling Case for Value Stocks”. 2018 https://www.causewaycap.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/201802-TheCompellingCaseforValue-1.pdf

  9. Research Affiliates. “To Win with ‘Smart Beta’, Ask if the Price is Right” September 7, 2016 < https://seekingalpha.com/article/4004564-win-smart-beta-ask-price-right>

  10. Tweedy Browne Company LLC. “What Has Worked in Investing: Studies of Investment Approaches and Characteristics Associated with Exceptional Returns.” 1992. <http://www.tweedy.com/resources/library_docs/papers/WhatHasWorkedFundVersionWeb.pdf>.

  11. Yuan, Vera. Guru Focus. “Earnings, Free Cash Flow, Book Value? Which Parameters Are Stock Prices Most Correlated To?”. August 2, 2013. < http://www.gurufocus.com/news/225255/earnings-free-cash-flow-book-value-which-parameters-are-stock-prices-most-correlated-to->.

  12. Fama and French Backtesting http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/ken.french/data_library.html

What are the eligibility requirements for participating in the Baxter International Inc. Pension Plan, and how have they impacted employees who were hired after the participation closed date? Employees of Baxter International Inc. should be aware of the specific conditions that dictate eligibility to participate in the pension plan, as these factors determine the benefits they can receive upon retirement. Understanding how these age and service requirements are defined can significantly affect an employee’s retirement planning and financial security.

Eligibility Requirements for the Baxter International Inc. Pension Plan Baxter International Inc. typically defines pension plan eligibility based on factors like age, years of service, and employment status at the participation closing date. Employees hired after the plan closure would not be eligible, affecting their long-term retirement planning and necessitating alternative retirement savings strategies.

How does Baxter International Inc. calculate the final average pay for pension benefits, and what are the implications of compensation limits set by the IRS for employees nearing retirement? As employees approach retirement, knowledge about how Baxter International Inc. determines final average pay based on their earnings is crucial since it directly impacts the pension benefits they will receive. Employees must also consider the IRS limits on eligible compensation to fully understand how their eventual pension payouts will be calculated.

Calculation of Final Average Pay at Baxter International Inc. The final average pay for Baxter International Inc.’s pension benefits is likely calculated based on an employee's highest earnings years near retirement. This calculation could be subject to IRS compensation limits, which cap the earnings used in the benefit formula, potentially reducing the pension benefits for higher-earning employees as they near retirement.

What options are available for Baxter International Inc. employees when they decide to retire early, and how do these options affect their overall pension benefits? Early retirement can have significant financial implications for employees of Baxter International Inc., making it important for them to understand their choices and how each option might influence their long-term pension benefits. This includes looking at reductions in benefits and the age-related criteria that might apply.

Early Retirement Options at Baxter International Inc. Baxter International Inc. may offer options like reduced benefits or specific early retirement packages. These options could lead to lower pension payouts compared to retiring at the normal age, influenced by factors such as the number of years before normal retirement age and the actuarial reductions applied.

How has the freezing of the Baxter International Inc. pension plan in 2022 created changes for current and future participants regarding their accumulated benefits? Employees must grasp the consequences of the 2022 freeze, as it halts any additional benefit accruals and what this means in terms of vesting and distribution of benefits upon retirement. This shift may affect their retirement funding strategies and financial future.

Impact of the 2022 Pension Plan Freeze at Baxter International Inc. The freezing of the pension plan in 2022 means Baxter International Inc. ceased the accrual of benefits for participants as of that date. This affects employees' retirement planning, as no further benefits are accrued beyond the freeze, potentially requiring them to seek alternative ways to enhance their retirement savings.

What are the potential tax implications for Baxter International Inc. employees when opting for different pension payment options upon retirement? Employees should carefully evaluate the tax consequences of various distribution choices within the Baxter International Inc. pension plan to make informed decisions that optimize their financial outcomes in retirement. This requires an understanding of how taxes are applied to lump-sum payments versus annuity distributions.

Tax Implications of Pension Payment Options at Baxter International Inc. The choice between lump-sum payments and annuities at Baxter International Inc. has distinct tax implications. Lump sums could be subject to immediate taxation, potentially at higher rates, whereas annuities provide a steady income stream and may be taxed more favorably depending on individual tax situations.

How does Baxter International Inc. accommodate rehires and transfers regarding their prior pension benefits, and what policies govern these scenarios? Understanding the specific rules concerning rehires at Baxter International Inc. can help former employees plan their career strategies and assess the impact on their pension benefits. Employees need clarity on how their previously accrued benefits are handled in such situations.

Rehire and Transfer Policies Regarding Pension Benefits at Baxter International Inc. For employees rehired or transferred at Baxter International Inc., pension benefits previously accrued may be reinstated or continued, depending on the company’s specific policies on service crediting and benefit calculation for returning employees.

What rights and protections do Baxter International Inc. employees have under ERISA concerning their pension benefits, and how can they enforce these rights? Employees should be aware of their entitlements under ERISA to protect their interests in the Baxter International Inc. Pension Plan, including the procedures they can follow to challenge any denials of benefits. This knowledge empowers employees to safeguard their financial future effectively.

ERISA Rights and Protections for Employees of Baxter International Inc. Under ERISA, Baxter International Inc. employees are entitled to certain protections regarding their pension benefits, including the right to receive plan information, appeal denied claims, and sue for benefits and breaches of fiduciary duty. This legal framework ensures employees can effectively manage and protect their retirement benefits.

How does Baxter International Inc. ensure that pension benefits are secure, especially in the event of a plan termination or freezing event? Employees must comprehend the safeguards in place to protect their retirement assets in the event of potential changes to the pension plan status, which include federal agency involvement and how their vested rights are preserved.

Security of Pension Benefits at Baxter International Inc. In the event of plan termination or freezing, Baxter International Inc. must ensure that employees' pension benefits are secured, typically through insurance policies or federal agency guarantees such as those provided by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), safeguarding benefits against company insolvency or plan underfunding.

What steps should Baxter International Inc. employees take to prepare for their eventual retirement in light of the details specified in the pension plan description? Retirement preparation involves a comprehensive understanding of the elements laid out in the Baxter International Inc. Pension Plan, including benefit calculations, retirement timing, and management of resources. Employees should consider this information when planning for a successful transition into retirement.

Preparation Steps for Retirement for Employees of Baxter International Inc. Employees should familiarize themselves with the details of the pension plan, such as benefit calculation methods, the impact of early retirement, and the integration of other retirement income sources. Engaging in financial planning and consulting with pension plan administrators or financial advisors can also help ensure a well-prepared retirement.

How can employees at Baxter International Inc. contact the company for more information regarding their pension plan and available benefits? Employees who seek clarity or assistance regarding their pension plan should know the appropriate channels and contact details to engage with Baxter International Inc. effectively. Resources available, including telephone numbers and administrative contacts, are paramount for employees navigating their retirement options.

Contacting Baxter International Inc. for Information on Pension Plans Employees needing further information or assistance regarding the Baxter International Inc. pension plan should contact the company’s HR department or pension plan administrator. Contact details are typically provided in the employee handbook or directly through the company's internal HR communication channels.

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.
Baxter International announced a significant restructuring plan aimed at reducing operational costs, including a reduction in workforce across several departments. Additionally, there are changes to their employee benefits program.
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For more information you can reach the plan administrator for Baxter International at 1 Baxter Pkwy Deerfield, IL 60015; or by calling them at +1 224-948-2000.

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