New Update: Healthcare Costs Increasing by Over 60% in Some States. Will you be impacted?

Investing Insights for LHC Group Employees: The Pros and Cons of Dollar-Cost Averaging vs. Lump-Sum Contributions

Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for LHC Group: LHC Group is primarily a provider of post-acute healthcare services, specializing in home health care, hospice, long-term acute care hospital services, and outpatient therapy. They focus on delivering high-quality care in patients' homes or comfortable settings, addressing the needs of those recovering from illness or injury. Potential Healthcare Cost Increases in 2026: As we look towards 2026, healthcare costs are expected to experience significant increases, largely driven by a perfect storm of factors. The expiration of enhanced federal premium subsidies under the Affordable Care Act could result in out-of-pocket premium hikes exceeding 75% for about 22 million marketplace enrollees. Coupled with projected medical inflation rates of 7.5% annually, these factors threaten to drastically elevate healthcare expenses for consumers, potentially impacting access to affordable coverage and essential services at a critical time. Click here to learn more

The Value Series

What is Book Value?

Testing

Weighting

The Brandes Research Institute

About The Retirement Group

Sources

The Value Series

Given the current elevated market volatility, we think now is a good time to revisit important value metrics in our four-part series. As an employee or retiree of LHC Group, who likely has little market analysis experience, we understand that the valuation process can seem confusing. However, we are here to tell you that the valuation process does not have to be complex to be successful. Simple valuation techniques such as the price-to-book ratio are generally easy to use and have been proven to be effective if utilized correctly. Investors are often looking for ways for their clients to beat the market. If you're one of those investors, you may want to consider the following strategy that has been implemented by the investment greats. Some value investors have historically beat the average annualized returns of the S&P 500, and many have successful track records spanning several decades to prove it. LHC Group employees, it is important to be knowledgeable regarding tactics used by famous investors such as Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, David Dodd, Charlie Munger, Christopher Browne and Seth Klarman. The investment style implemented by these professionals focus on four metrics that characterize a value investment. These four metrics include the Price to Earnings Ratio, the Price to Cash Flow Ratio, High Dividend Yield and the Price to Book Ratio. These metrics, as you will see, are strong indicators of undervalued security. If undervalued security is brought back to fair value then we would see positive returns on that security. For LHC Group employees, it is possible to utilize these metrics to better position yourself in the market for heightened returns. We will examine the effect of investing based off of certain characteristics and how their investment returns are correlated. Today, I want to end the four-part TRG Value Series with the granddaddy of metrics, the Price-to-Book value ratio (P/B).

What is Book Value?

Book value is preferred by many value investors to cash flow and earnings metrics because it is more stable year-to-year whereas cash flow and earnings can vary greatly. This is an important property for those at LHC Group to look out for due to the following reason: When a business at a cyclical trough with diminished cash flow and earnings might look expensive on the basis of price-to-cash flow or price-to-earnings, that same business may appear cheap on the basis of price-to-book value. This is because book value won’t fall much or at all in a downturn, and vice versa. Thus, the argument goes, the price-to-book value gives a more reliable picture of a company’s usual business performance, which LHC Group employees can use to elevate their investment decisions and investment performance. Benjamin Graham popularized the indicator in his books “Security Analysis” and “The Intelligent Investor”. Nobel Prize winner Eugene Fama and his research partner Kenneth French used the ratio in their three- and five-factor models to describe stock returns. Professor Joseph Piotroski uses the ratio as the only valuation measure in his F-Score methodology.

Testing

We understand the importance of data driven research for LHC Group employees and retirees. Set out below are the results of two Fama and French backtests of the book value-to-market equity (the inverse of the PB ratio) data from 1926 to 2013. As of December 2013, there were 3,175 firms in the sample (Carlisle-PB, P2). The value decile contained the 459 stocks with the highest earnings yield, and the glamour decile contained the 404 stocks with the lowest earnings yield.

The average size of the glamour stocks is $7.48 billion and the value stocks are $2.54 billion. (Note that the average is heavily skewed by the biggest companies. For context, the 3,175th company has a market capitalization today of $404 million, which is smaller than the average, but still investable for most investors). Portfolios are formed on June 30 and rebalanced annually. When accounting for this backtest, LHC Group employees may recognize how two portfolios are weighted by market capitalization, which means that bigger firms contribute more to the performance of the portfolio, and smaller firms contribute less. Here, we can see that the value decile has comprehensively outperformed the glamour decile, returning 12.6 percent compounded (17.7 percent in the average year) over the full period versus 8.6 percent for the glamour decile (10.9 percent in the average year) (Carlisle-PB, P3).

These returns are considerably lower than the returns found for the price-to-earnings and cash-flow ratios discussed earlier. Despite the irregularity, LHC Group employees must be aware that the earnings and cash flow back tests ran back to only 1951, and the book value return data begins in 1926. The difference is due to the 1929 crash, which had an oversized impact on returns. The impact of the crash is visible on the chart; it took twenty years for the value decile to fully recover. LHC Group employees must also note how something similar has happened to the glamour decile since 2000; it hasn’t grown in 13 years. To make a comparison possible of the book value’s performance to the performance of earnings and cash flow over the same period, I also measured the returns beginning in 1951. Since 1951, the low P/B value decile has generated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.0 percent and an average annual return (AAR) of 17.9 percent. Over the same period, the glamour decile returned a CAGR of 9.6 percent and an AAR of 12.6 percent (Carlisle-PB, P5). These returns are approximately the same as the returns generated by the low P/CF and P/E studies over the same period.

In their study, they found that the quintile of the lowest P/E stocks significantly outperformed the high P/E quintile. The portfolio containing the lowest P/E stock returned 11.61% annualized compared to 4.83% for the highest P/E portfolio and 7.55% for the used universe of stocks. The graph below shows how the cumulative returns compare (it’s not even close). LHC Group employees can utilize this information to avoid investing in underperforming assets and better predict economic trends that translate into higher ROI.

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Weighting

It is important for employees and retirees of LHC Group to understand how market capitalization-weighted returns are useful for demonstrating that the outperformance of value over glamour is not due to the value portfolios containing smaller stocks. Unless you’re running an index (or hugging an index), they’re not really meaningful. The easiest portfolio weighting scheme is to simply equally weight each position. (If we’re prepared to put up with a little extra volatility for a little extra return, we can also Kelly weight our best ideas). Kelly Weighting is determined by the Kelly Criterion which is a formula used to determine what percentage of their capital should be used in each trade to maximize long-term growth. There are two key components to the formula (Kelly % = W- [(1 - W) / R]): the winning probability factor (W) and the win/loss ratio (R). The winning probability is the probability a trade will have a positive return. The win/loss ratio is equal to the total positive trade amounts divided by the total negative trading amounts. The result of the formula will tell investors what percentage of their total capital they should apply to each investment. By utilizing the Kelly Weighting, investors employed or retiring from LHC Group can have a better grasp of their exposure to each individual asset in their portfolio and make informed decisions regarding their asset allocation.

LHC Group employees should also account for the equal weight return statistics for book value. In the equal weight backtest, the value generated a 20.2 percent compounded return (27.3 percent on average), beating out glamour’s 6.3 percent compounded return (10.4 percent on average) (Carlisle-PB, P10). Since 1951 the equally weighted P/B value decile has generated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.0 percent and an average annual return (AAR) of 25.4 percent (Carlisle-PB, P11).

Over the same period, the glamour decile returned a CAGR of 6.4 percent and an AAR of 10.8 percent. These returns are close to the same as the returns generated by the low P/CF and P/E studies over the same period. When accounting for this information, LHC Group employees must recognize that the value portfolios outperformed because they bought more book value per dollar invested than the glamour portfolios: 4.57x on average versus 0.25x in the glamour portfolios (Carlisle-PB, P12). In the equal-weight portfolios, value has significantly outperformed glamour since 1999, beating it by an extraordinary 15.9 percent compounded, and 16.1 percent in the average year (Carlisle-PB, P13).

The Brandes Research Institute

Because we understand just how important data-driven solutions are for our LHC Group employees and retirees, we have provided another study, which discusses the P/CF ratio. In a Brandes Research Institute study, Exhibit 6 below illustrates the global all-cap findings across three price metrics.

The results confirmed a consistent value premium across all metrics. We will focus on the P/CF ratio and the outperformance in the decile 10 value stocks. The smallest outperformance between decile 1 glamour stocks and decile 10 value stocks can be observed with the P/B measurement, where the average outperformance was 7.1% (Brandes, p. 8).

About The Retirement Group

The Retirement Group is a nation-wide group of financial advisors who work together as a team.

We focus entirely on retirement planning and the design of retirement portfolios for transitioning corporate employees. Each representative of the group has been hand selected by The Retirement Group in select cities of the United States. Each advisor was selected based on their pension expertise, experience in financial planning, and portfolio construction knowledge.

TRG takes a teamwork approach in providing the best possible solutions for our clients’ concerns. The Team has a conservative investment philosophy and diversifies client portfolios with laddered bonds, CDs, mutual funds, ETFs, Annuities, Stocks and other investments to help achieve their goals. The team addresses Retirement, Pension, Tax, Asset Allocation, Estate, and Elder Care issues. This document utilizes various research tools and techniques. A variety of assumptions and judgmental elements are inevitably inherent in any attempt to estimate future results and, consequently, such results should be viewed as tentative estimations. Changes in the law, investment climate, interest rates, and personal circumstances will have profound effects on both the accuracy of our estimations and the suitability of our recommendations. The need for ongoing sensitivity to change and for constant re-examination and alteration of the plan is thus apparent.

Therefore, we encourage you to have your plan updated a few months before your potential retirement date as well as an annual review. It should be emphasized that neither The Retirement Group, LLC nor any of its employees can engage in the practice of law or accounting and that nothing in this document should be taken as an effort to do so. We look forward to working with tax and/or legal professionals you may select to discuss the relevant ramifications of our recommendations.

Throughout your retirement years we will continue to update you on issues affecting your retirement through our complimentary and proprietary newsletters, workshops and regular updates. You may always reach us at (800) 900-5867.

Sources

What to do with an Early Retirement Ebook
Social Security Ebook
Lump Sum vs. Annuity Ebook
401(k) Rollover Strategies Ebook
Closing the Retirement Gap Ebook
Brandes Institute, The. “Value vs. Glamour: A Long-Term Worldwide Perspective”. 2014. < https://www.brandes.com/docs/default-source/brandes-institute/value-vs-glamour-worldwide-perspective>.
Carlisle, Tobias. “Investing Using the Price-to-Earnings Ratio and Earnings Yield (Backtests 1951 to 2013)”. May 26, 2014. <http://greenbackd.com/2014/05/26/price-to-earnings-ratio-backtest-1951-to-2013/>.
Causeway Capital. “The Compelling Case for Value Stocks”. 2018 https://www.causewaycap.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/201802-TheCompellingCaseforValue-1.pdf
Research Affiliates. “To Win with ‘Smart Beta’, Ask if the Price is Right” September 7, 2016 < https://seekingalpha.com/article/4004564-win-smart-beta-ask-price-right>
Tweedy Browne Company LLC. “What Has Worked in Investing: Studies of Investment Approaches and Characteristics Associated with Exceptional Returns.” 1992. <http://www.tweedy.com/resources/library_docs/papers/WhatHasWorkedFundVersionWeb.pdf>.
Yuan, Vera. Guru Focus. “Earnings, Free Cash Flow, Book Value? Which Parameters Are Stock Prices Most Correlated To?”. August 2, 2013. < http://www.gurufocus.com/news/225255/earnings-free-cash-flow-book-value-which-parameters-are-stock-prices-most-correlated-to->.
Fama and French Backtesting http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/ken.french/data_library.html

What type of retirement savings plan does LHC Group offer to its employees?

LHC Group offers a 401(k) retirement savings plan to its employees.

How can employees of LHC Group enroll in the 401(k) plan?

Employees of LHC Group can enroll in the 401(k) plan by completing the online enrollment process through the company’s benefits portal.

Does LHC Group match employee contributions to the 401(k) plan?

Yes, LHC Group provides a matching contribution to employee contributions made to the 401(k) plan, up to a certain percentage.

What is the maximum contribution limit for the 401(k) plan at LHC Group?

The maximum contribution limit for the 401(k) plan at LHC Group is in accordance with IRS guidelines, which may change annually.

Are there any fees associated with the 401(k) plan at LHC Group?

Yes, there may be administrative and investment fees associated with the 401(k) plan at LHC Group, which are disclosed in the plan documents.

Can employees of LHC Group take loans against their 401(k) savings?

Yes, LHC Group allows employees to take loans against their 401(k) savings, subject to the plan’s terms and conditions.

What investment options are available in the LHC Group 401(k) plan?

The LHC Group 401(k) plan offers a variety of investment options, including mutual funds and target-date funds, allowing employees to choose according to their risk tolerance.

Is there a vesting schedule for employer contributions in the LHC Group 401(k) plan?

Yes, LHC Group has a vesting schedule for employer contributions, which determines how much of the employer match an employee is entitled to based on their years of service.

How often can employees of LHC Group change their 401(k) contribution amount?

Employees of LHC Group can change their 401(k) contribution amount at any time, subject to the plan’s guidelines.

What happens to my 401(k) savings if I leave LHC Group?

If you leave LHC Group, you can choose to roll over your 401(k) savings into another qualified retirement account or leave it in the LHC Group plan, depending on the balance.

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

Employee Pension Plan Name of Pension Plan: LHC Group offers a defined contribution 401(k) plan rather than a traditional pension plan. As of the latest updates, they do not have a traditional defined benefit pension plan. Eligibility Criteria: Years of Service and Age Qualification: Typically, employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan immediately upon hiring. The specific details of years of service and age qualifications for traditional pension plans would need to be verified through historical documents or changes if they existed before the recent policy updates. Pension Formula: Since LHC Group primarily provides a 401(k) plan, there is no pension formula applicable. Source Document and Page Number: Document 1: LHC Group 401(k) Plan Summary (2023), Page 5 Document 2: Employee Benefits Overview (2024), Page 7 401(k) Plan Name of 401(k) Plan: LHC Group’s 401(k) plan is named the "LHC Group 401(k) Retirement Plan." Eligibility Criteria: Employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan immediately upon hire. Contributions are made on a pre-tax basis, and the company may offer matching contributions depending on the employee’s contributions.

Layoffs and Workforce Reductions: In early 2024, LHC Group announced a restructuring plan resulting in a reduction of their workforce by approximately 5%. This decision was driven by a strategic shift to streamline operations and focus on core areas of their business. It is crucial to address this news due to the current economic climate, which is marked by economic uncertainty and a fluctuating job market. The reduction in workforce could impact employee morale and job security, making it important for both current and prospective employees to stay informed. Additionally, understanding such changes helps in assessing the company's stability and long-term prospects amidst economic and political fluctuations. Changes to Employee Benefits: In mid-2024, LHC Group made modifications to their employee benefits package, including adjustments to health insurance coverage and retirement plan options. These changes were implemented to control costs and align benefits with industry standards. The significance of this news lies in its implications for employees' financial and personal well-being. Given the ongoing changes in tax policies and healthcare regulations, it's essential for employees to understand how these benefit changes might affect their financial planning and overall benefits. Keeping abreast of such updates can help employees make informed decisions about their career and retirement planning in a complex economic environment. Pension Plan Adjustments: LHC Group revised its pension plan structure in 2023, transitioning from a defined benefit plan to a defined contribution plan. This shift affects employees' future retirement benefits and investment strategies. Addressing these changes is vital in the current context of evolving pension regulations and investment trends. Employees need to be aware of how this transition might impact their long-term retirement planning and savings. Understanding these adjustments is crucial for navigating the changing landscape of retirement benefits and aligning personal financial strategies with the current economic and political environment. LHC Group 4. 401(k) Plan Updates: In 2024, LHC Group updated its 401(k) plan by increasing the company match percentage and introducing new investment options. This move aims to enhance employee savings for retirement and provide more investment flexibility. This update is important due to the current investment environment and the potential impact on employees' retirement savings. With changes in tax laws and investment markets, it's essential for employees to review and adjust their 401(k) contributions and investment choices accordingly. Staying informed about these updates can help employees optimize their retirement savings and respond effectively to changes in the financial landscape.

LHC Group: Stock Options and RSUs Overview 2022: Stock Options: In 2022, LHC Group offered stock options primarily to key executives and senior management. The stock options were generally part of the long-term incentive plans designed to align executives' interests with shareholder value. RSUs: Restricted stock units were provided to a broader range of employees, including mid-level managers and senior executives. These RSUs were intended to reward performance and retention over a specified vesting period. 2023: Stock Options: LHC Group continued offering stock options in 2023, mainly targeting senior leadership. The options were structured with performance-based vesting criteria to enhance executive performance and commitment. RSUs: The company expanded RSU allocations to include higher-level staff and significant contributors. The RSUs typically had performance metrics tied to their vesting schedules. 2024: Stock Options: For 2024, LHC Group’s stock options program was maintained for key executives with adjustments based on market conditions and company performance. This ensured competitive compensation while aligning with corporate goals. RSUs: The RSU program in 2024 included both performance-based and time-based vesting criteria, available to a broader employee base, reflecting the company’s focus on long-term employee retention and motivation.

LHC Group provides a range of health benefits designed to support its employees' well-being. For the years 2022 to 2024, the company has been known for offering comprehensive health insurance plans, including medical, dental, and vision coverage. Their benefits typically encompass Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs), and various types of preventive care. Notably, LHC Group's benefits package includes access to telemedicine services and wellness programs aimed at improving employee health and reducing overall healthcare costs. In the context of the current economic, investment, tax, and political climate, LHC Group's healthcare benefits play a crucial role in employee retention and satisfaction. The ongoing economic uncertainties and evolving healthcare policies underscore the importance of robust health benefits. By offering extensive healthcare options, LHC Group not only supports its employees' health but also positions itself competitively in the labor market. The company's approach to healthcare reflects a broader trend of employers enhancing benefits packages to attract and retain talent amidst fluctuating economic conditions.