New Update: Healthcare Costs Increasing by Over 60% in Some States. Will you be impacted?

Investing Insights for Pfizer Employees: The Pros and Cons of Dollar-Cost Averaging vs. Lump-Sum Contributions

Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for Pfizer: Pfizer does not operate as a traditional healthcare provider, but it is a major pharmaceutical company that provides a wide range of medications and vaccines. For healthcare services, Pfizer collaborates with various healthcare organizations, insurers, and providers to distribute its products and support health initiatives. Potential Healthcare Cost Increases in 2026: The healthcare landscape is bracing for significant cost escalations in 2026, driven by a convergence of factors, including the anticipated expiration of enhanced ACA premium subsidies and rising medical costs. Insurers are expected to request steep premium increases, some exceeding 60%, as they cope with surging hospital and prescription drug expenses. Moreover, without congressional action to extend these subsidies, many consumers could see their out-of-pocket costs rise dramatically-some estimates suggest increases of over 75%-making access to affordable healthcare a critical concern for millions. Click here to learn more

The Value Series

What is Book Value?

Testing

Weighting

The Brandes Research Institute

About The Retirement Group

Sources

The Value Series

Given the current elevated market volatility, we think now is a good time to revisit important value metrics in our four-part series. As an employee or retiree of Pfizer, who likely has little market analysis experience, we understand that the valuation process can seem confusing. However, we are here to tell you that the valuation process does not have to be complex to be successful. Simple valuation techniques such as the price-to-book ratio are generally easy to use and have been proven to be effective if utilized correctly. Investors are often looking for ways for their clients to beat the market. If you're one of those investors, you may want to consider the following strategy that has been implemented by the investment greats. Some value investors have historically beat the average annualized returns of the S&P 500, and many have successful track records spanning several decades to prove it. Pfizer employees, it is important to be knowledgeable regarding tactics used by famous investors such as Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, David Dodd, Charlie Munger, Christopher Browne and Seth Klarman. The investment style implemented by these professionals focus on four metrics that characterize a value investment. These four metrics include the Price to Earnings Ratio, the Price to Cash Flow Ratio, High Dividend Yield and the Price to Book Ratio. These metrics, as you will see, are strong indicators of undervalued security. If undervalued security is brought back to fair value then we would see positive returns on that security. For Pfizer employees, it is possible to utilize these metrics to better position yourself in the market for heightened returns. We will examine the effect of investing based off of certain characteristics and how their investment returns are correlated. Today, I want to end the four-part TRG Value Series with the granddaddy of metrics, the Price-to-Book value ratio (P/B).

What is Book Value?

Book value is preferred by many value investors to cash flow and earnings metrics because it is more stable year-to-year whereas cash flow and earnings can vary greatly. This is an important property for those at Pfizer to look out for due to the following reason: When a business at a cyclical trough with diminished cash flow and earnings might look expensive on the basis of price-to-cash flow or price-to-earnings, that same business may appear cheap on the basis of price-to-book value. This is because book value won’t fall much or at all in a downturn, and vice versa. Thus, the argument goes, the price-to-book value gives a more reliable picture of a company’s usual business performance, which Pfizer employees can use to elevate their investment decisions and investment performance. Benjamin Graham popularized the indicator in his books “Security Analysis” and “The Intelligent Investor”. Nobel Prize winner Eugene Fama and his research partner Kenneth French used the ratio in their three- and five-factor models to describe stock returns. Professor Joseph Piotroski uses the ratio as the only valuation measure in his F-Score methodology.

Testing

We understand the importance of data driven research for Pfizer employees and retirees. Set out below are the results of two Fama and French backtests of the book value-to-market equity (the inverse of the PB ratio) data from 1926 to 2013. As of December 2013, there were 3,175 firms in the sample (Carlisle-PB, P2). The value decile contained the 459 stocks with the highest earnings yield, and the glamour decile contained the 404 stocks with the lowest earnings yield.

The average size of the glamour stocks is $7.48 billion and the value stocks are $2.54 billion. (Note that the average is heavily skewed by the biggest companies. For context, the 3,175th company has a market capitalization today of $404 million, which is smaller than the average, but still investable for most investors). Portfolios are formed on June 30 and rebalanced annually. When accounting for this backtest, Pfizer employees may recognize how two portfolios are weighted by market capitalization, which means that bigger firms contribute more to the performance of the portfolio, and smaller firms contribute less. Here, we can see that the value decile has comprehensively outperformed the glamour decile, returning 12.6 percent compounded (17.7 percent in the average year) over the full period versus 8.6 percent for the glamour decile (10.9 percent in the average year) (Carlisle-PB, P3).

These returns are considerably lower than the returns found for the price-to-earnings and cash-flow ratios discussed earlier. Despite the irregularity, Pfizer employees must be aware that the earnings and cash flow back tests ran back to only 1951, and the book value return data begins in 1926. The difference is due to the 1929 crash, which had an oversized impact on returns. The impact of the crash is visible on the chart; it took twenty years for the value decile to fully recover. Pfizer employees must also note how something similar has happened to the glamour decile since 2000; it hasn’t grown in 13 years. To make a comparison possible of the book value’s performance to the performance of earnings and cash flow over the same period, I also measured the returns beginning in 1951. Since 1951, the low P/B value decile has generated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.0 percent and an average annual return (AAR) of 17.9 percent. Over the same period, the glamour decile returned a CAGR of 9.6 percent and an AAR of 12.6 percent (Carlisle-PB, P5). These returns are approximately the same as the returns generated by the low P/CF and P/E studies over the same period.

In their study, they found that the quintile of the lowest P/E stocks significantly outperformed the high P/E quintile. The portfolio containing the lowest P/E stock returned 11.61% annualized compared to 4.83% for the highest P/E portfolio and 7.55% for the used universe of stocks. The graph below shows how the cumulative returns compare (it’s not even close). Pfizer employees can utilize this information to avoid investing in underperforming assets and better predict economic trends that translate into higher ROI.

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Weighting

It is important for employees and retirees of Pfizer to understand how market capitalization-weighted returns are useful for demonstrating that the outperformance of value over glamour is not due to the value portfolios containing smaller stocks. Unless you’re running an index (or hugging an index), they’re not really meaningful. The easiest portfolio weighting scheme is to simply equally weight each position. (If we’re prepared to put up with a little extra volatility for a little extra return, we can also Kelly weight our best ideas). Kelly Weighting is determined by the Kelly Criterion which is a formula used to determine what percentage of their capital should be used in each trade to maximize long-term growth. There are two key components to the formula (Kelly % = W- [(1 - W) / R]): the winning probability factor (W) and the win/loss ratio (R). The winning probability is the probability a trade will have a positive return. The win/loss ratio is equal to the total positive trade amounts divided by the total negative trading amounts. The result of the formula will tell investors what percentage of their total capital they should apply to each investment. By utilizing the Kelly Weighting, investors employed or retiring from Pfizer can have a better grasp of their exposure to each individual asset in their portfolio and make informed decisions regarding their asset allocation.

Pfizer employees should also account for the equal weight return statistics for book value. In the equal weight backtest, the value generated a 20.2 percent compounded return (27.3 percent on average), beating out glamour’s 6.3 percent compounded return (10.4 percent on average) (Carlisle-PB, P10). Since 1951 the equally weighted P/B value decile has generated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.0 percent and an average annual return (AAR) of 25.4 percent (Carlisle-PB, P11).

Over the same period, the glamour decile returned a CAGR of 6.4 percent and an AAR of 10.8 percent. These returns are close to the same as the returns generated by the low P/CF and P/E studies over the same period. When accounting for this information, Pfizer employees must recognize that the value portfolios outperformed because they bought more book value per dollar invested than the glamour portfolios: 4.57x on average versus 0.25x in the glamour portfolios (Carlisle-PB, P12). In the equal-weight portfolios, value has significantly outperformed glamour since 1999, beating it by an extraordinary 15.9 percent compounded, and 16.1 percent in the average year (Carlisle-PB, P13).

The Brandes Research Institute

Because we understand just how important data-driven solutions are for our Pfizer employees and retirees, we have provided another study, which discusses the P/CF ratio. In a Brandes Research Institute study, Exhibit 6 below illustrates the global all-cap findings across three price metrics.

The results confirmed a consistent value premium across all metrics. We will focus on the P/CF ratio and the outperformance in the decile 10 value stocks. The smallest outperformance between decile 1 glamour stocks and decile 10 value stocks can be observed with the P/B measurement, where the average outperformance was 7.1% (Brandes, p. 8).

About The Retirement Group

The Retirement Group is a nation-wide group of financial advisors who work together as a team.

We focus entirely on retirement planning and the design of retirement portfolios for transitioning corporate employees. Each representative of the group has been hand selected by The Retirement Group in select cities of the United States. Each advisor was selected based on their pension expertise, experience in financial planning, and portfolio construction knowledge.

TRG takes a teamwork approach in providing the best possible solutions for our clients’ concerns. The Team has a conservative investment philosophy and diversifies client portfolios with laddered bonds, CDs, mutual funds, ETFs, Annuities, Stocks and other investments to help achieve their goals. The team addresses Retirement, Pension, Tax, Asset Allocation, Estate, and Elder Care issues. This document utilizes various research tools and techniques. A variety of assumptions and judgmental elements are inevitably inherent in any attempt to estimate future results and, consequently, such results should be viewed as tentative estimations. Changes in the law, investment climate, interest rates, and personal circumstances will have profound effects on both the accuracy of our estimations and the suitability of our recommendations. The need for ongoing sensitivity to change and for constant re-examination and alteration of the plan is thus apparent.

Therefore, we encourage you to have your plan updated a few months before your potential retirement date as well as an annual review. It should be emphasized that neither The Retirement Group, LLC nor any of its employees can engage in the practice of law or accounting and that nothing in this document should be taken as an effort to do so. We look forward to working with tax and/or legal professionals you may select to discuss the relevant ramifications of our recommendations.

Throughout your retirement years we will continue to update you on issues affecting your retirement through our complimentary and proprietary newsletters, workshops and regular updates. You may always reach us at (800) 900-5867.

Sources

What to do with an Early Retirement Ebook
Social Security Ebook
Lump Sum vs. Annuity Ebook
401(k) Rollover Strategies Ebook
Closing the Retirement Gap Ebook
Brandes Institute, The. “Value vs. Glamour: A Long-Term Worldwide Perspective”. 2014. < https://www.brandes.com/docs/default-source/brandes-institute/value-vs-glamour-worldwide-perspective>.
Carlisle, Tobias. “Investing Using the Price-to-Earnings Ratio and Earnings Yield (Backtests 1951 to 2013)”. May 26, 2014. <http://greenbackd.com/2014/05/26/price-to-earnings-ratio-backtest-1951-to-2013/>.
Causeway Capital. “The Compelling Case for Value Stocks”. 2018 https://www.causewaycap.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/201802-TheCompellingCaseforValue-1.pdf
Research Affiliates. “To Win with ‘Smart Beta’, Ask if the Price is Right” September 7, 2016 < https://seekingalpha.com/article/4004564-win-smart-beta-ask-price-right>
Tweedy Browne Company LLC. “What Has Worked in Investing: Studies of Investment Approaches and Characteristics Associated with Exceptional Returns.” 1992. <http://www.tweedy.com/resources/library_docs/papers/WhatHasWorkedFundVersionWeb.pdf>.
Yuan, Vera. Guru Focus. “Earnings, Free Cash Flow, Book Value? Which Parameters Are Stock Prices Most Correlated To?”. August 2, 2013. < http://www.gurufocus.com/news/225255/earnings-free-cash-flow-book-value-which-parameters-are-stock-prices-most-correlated-to->.
Fama and French Backtesting http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/ken.french/data_library.html

How does Pfizer, Inc. approach the management of its Consolidated Pension Plan to ensure the financial stability and long-term sustainability of the benefits promised to its employees? Furthermore, what strategies does Pfizer, Inc. employ to communicate the importance of this plan to its workforce, and how does it equip employees with the knowledge needed to understand their benefits effectively?

Pfizer, Inc. manages its Consolidated Pension Plan with a strong focus on financial stability and long-term sustainability by working with key financial partners like Fidelity Investments for recordkeeping and Northern Trust Company for trustee services(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…). The company ensures proper investment strategies and regular reviews to meet the pension obligations and maintain the health of the fund. To communicate the importance of the pension plan, Pfizer uses various channels to educate employees about their benefits, including workshops, internal communication, and retirement planning tools, ensuring that all employees have a clear understanding of their benefits.

In what ways does Pfizer, Inc. ensure compliance with the latest IRS regulations concerning pension plans, and how frequently does it review and update its pension plan policies to align with changing laws? Additionally, what role does the Pension Plan Administrator play in overseeing these compliance efforts within Pfizer, Inc.?

Pfizer, Inc. stays in compliance with IRS regulations regarding pension plans by frequently reviewing and updating its policies to reflect legal changes. The Pension Plan Administrator at Pfizer plays a vital role in overseeing compliance efforts, ensuring that the company adheres to evolving tax laws and regulations. Regular internal audits and legal consultations help Pfizer maintain the necessary compliance measures(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

How does Pfizer, Inc. determine the eligibility criteria for employees to participate in its defined benefit pension plan, and what factors are considered when calculating pension benefits? Furthermore, how does Pfizer, Inc. ensure transparency in communicating these criteria and calculations to its employees?

Eligibility for Pfizer’s defined benefit pension plan is determined by factors such as years of service and employee classification. When calculating pension benefits, Pfizer considers age, salary history, and service duration. The company ensures transparency by providing clear documentation and personalized benefit statements to employees, helping them understand the criteria and calculations affecting their retirement benefits(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

What are the potential tax implications for employees of Pfizer, Inc. who choose to retire early and how does this intersect with the company's pension plan offerings? Additionally, what resources does Pfizer, Inc. provide to assist employees in understanding their options and the long-term impact of early retirement on their pension plans?

Employees of Pfizer, Inc. who opt for early retirement may face tax implications such as penalties for early withdrawals or reduced pension payouts. Pfizer provides educational resources, including financial planning tools and access to retirement advisors, to help employees navigate the long-term impacts of early retirement decisions. These resources ensure employees can make informed decisions about their retirement plans(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

Can you outline the process that Pfizer, Inc. has in place for employees to appeal decisions related to their pension benefits? What steps are involved, and how does Pfizer, Inc. ensure that this process is accessible and fair to all employees who may wish to challenge a decision regarding their pensions?

Pfizer, Inc. offers a structured process for employees to appeal pension benefit decisions. This process includes filing a formal complaint, undergoing a review by the Benefits Administration team, and potentially escalating to higher management if needed. Pfizer ensures this process is accessible and fair, providing employees with clear guidance on how to challenge pension-related decisions(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

How does Pfizer, Inc. integrate career counseling and financial planning resources into the retirement process for employees? Furthermore, what initiatives does Pfizer, Inc. undertake to educate its employees about preparing for retirement beyond the financial aspects, ensuring a holistic approach to the transition into retirement?

Pfizer integrates career counseling and financial planning into its retirement process by offering resources such as access to financial advisors, retirement workshops, and online tools. These initiatives help employees plan for retirement comprehensively, covering not just financial aspects but also lifestyle adjustments and post-retirement career considerations(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

What specific benefits does Pfizer, Inc. offer to employees who are nearing retirement age, and how do these benefits differ from those provided to younger employees? Additionally, how does Pfizer, Inc. communicate and promote these benefits to ensure that eligible employees take full advantage of what is available to them as they approach retirement?

Pfizer, Inc. provides specific benefits for employees nearing retirement, such as catch-up contributions to retirement plans and access to enhanced financial counseling. These benefits are communicated through targeted retirement seminars and direct communications to ensure that eligible employees understand the advantages available to them as they approach retirement(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

How does Pfizer, Inc. address issues related to underfunding of its pension plan, if applicable, and what measures are taken to mitigate potential risks? What plans does Pfizer, Inc. have in place to ensure that it can meet its pension obligations even in challenging financial environments?

If Pfizer, Inc. faces any underfunding issues in its pension plan, the company takes proactive steps to address the problem by increasing contributions or adjusting plan investment strategies. Pfizer has contingency plans in place to ensure it can meet pension obligations even in financially challenging environments(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

In 2024, what key changes to the pension plan within Pfizer, Inc. can employees expect, particularly concerning contribution limits and retirement planning strategies? How does Pfizer, Inc. communicate these changes to its employees to ensure that they are well-informed and able to adjust their retirement planning effectively?

In 2024, Pfizer employees can expect updates to the pension plan concerning contribution limits and retirement strategies, in line with IRS changes. The company communicates these updates through newsletters, online portals, and direct emails to ensure employees stay informed and can adjust their retirement planning accordingly(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

If employees at Pfizer, Inc. have questions about their retirement benefits, what is the best way for them to contact the company? Are there specific resources, such as a dedicated help desk, online portal, or contact persons within the Benefits Administration team, that Pfizer, Inc. recommends for providing assistance and further information regarding retirement benefits?

Employees at Pfizer, Inc. who have questions about their retirement benefits can contact the Benefits Administration team directly at the contact details provided. Additionally, Pfizer offers online portals and dedicated help desks, making it easy for employees to get assistance with any retirement-related inquiries(Pfizer_3-9-2015_Pfizer_…).

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

Pfizer provides both a traditional defined benefit pension plan and a defined contribution 401(k) plan. The defined benefit plan includes a cash balance component, where benefits grow based on years of service and compensation, with interest credits added annually. The 401(k) plan offers company matching contributions and various investment options such as target-date funds and mutual funds. Pfizer also provides financial planning resources and tools to help employees manage their retirement savings.

Pfizer provides both RSUs and stock options to employees. RSUs vest over time, providing shares, while stock options allow employees to buy shares at a set price.