New Update: Healthcare Costs Increasing by Over 60% in Some States. Will you be impacted?

Investing Insights for Schneider National Employees: The Pros and Cons of Dollar-Cost Averaging vs. Lump-Sum Contributions

Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for Schneider National: Schneider National primarily utilizes UnitedHealthcare as its healthcare provider for employee health benefits. UnitedHealthcare is renowned for offering a range of health insurance plans, including those that cater to commercial trucking and logistics companies through tailored healthcare solutions. Potential Healthcare Cost Increases in 2026: As we move toward 2026, Schneider National, like many employers, may face significant healthcare cost increases primarily due to anticipated premium hikes in the ACA marketplace. With some states expected to see increases over 60%, and the loss of enhanced federal premium subsidies looming, employees could experience out-of-pocket premium costs rising by as much as 75%. This alarming trend stems from escalating medical costs and the financial pressures on insurers, which may lead to tougher choices for companies in managing benefits while ensuring their workforce stays adequately covered. Click here to learn more

The Value Series

What is Book Value?

Testing

Weighting

The Brandes Research Institute

About The Retirement Group

Sources

The Value Series

Given the current elevated market volatility, we think now is a good time to revisit important value metrics in our four-part series. As an employee or retiree of Schneider National, who likely has little market analysis experience, we understand that the valuation process can seem confusing. However, we are here to tell you that the valuation process does not have to be complex to be successful. Simple valuation techniques such as the price-to-book ratio are generally easy to use and have been proven to be effective if utilized correctly. Investors are often looking for ways for their clients to beat the market. If you're one of those investors, you may want to consider the following strategy that has been implemented by the investment greats. Some value investors have historically beat the average annualized returns of the S&P 500, and many have successful track records spanning several decades to prove it. Schneider National employees, it is important to be knowledgeable regarding tactics used by famous investors such as Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, David Dodd, Charlie Munger, Christopher Browne and Seth Klarman. The investment style implemented by these professionals focus on four metrics that characterize a value investment. These four metrics include the Price to Earnings Ratio, the Price to Cash Flow Ratio, High Dividend Yield and the Price to Book Ratio. These metrics, as you will see, are strong indicators of undervalued security. If undervalued security is brought back to fair value then we would see positive returns on that security. For Schneider National employees, it is possible to utilize these metrics to better position yourself in the market for heightened returns. We will examine the effect of investing based off of certain characteristics and how their investment returns are correlated. Today, I want to end the four-part TRG Value Series with the granddaddy of metrics, the Price-to-Book value ratio (P/B).

What is Book Value?

Book value is preferred by many value investors to cash flow and earnings metrics because it is more stable year-to-year whereas cash flow and earnings can vary greatly. This is an important property for those at Schneider National to look out for due to the following reason: When a business at a cyclical trough with diminished cash flow and earnings might look expensive on the basis of price-to-cash flow or price-to-earnings, that same business may appear cheap on the basis of price-to-book value. This is because book value won’t fall much or at all in a downturn, and vice versa. Thus, the argument goes, the price-to-book value gives a more reliable picture of a company’s usual business performance, which Schneider National employees can use to elevate their investment decisions and investment performance. Benjamin Graham popularized the indicator in his books “Security Analysis” and “The Intelligent Investor”. Nobel Prize winner Eugene Fama and his research partner Kenneth French used the ratio in their three- and five-factor models to describe stock returns. Professor Joseph Piotroski uses the ratio as the only valuation measure in his F-Score methodology.

Testing

We understand the importance of data driven research for Schneider National employees and retirees. Set out below are the results of two Fama and French backtests of the book value-to-market equity (the inverse of the PB ratio) data from 1926 to 2013. As of December 2013, there were 3,175 firms in the sample (Carlisle-PB, P2). The value decile contained the 459 stocks with the highest earnings yield, and the glamour decile contained the 404 stocks with the lowest earnings yield.

The average size of the glamour stocks is $7.48 billion and the value stocks are $2.54 billion. (Note that the average is heavily skewed by the biggest companies. For context, the 3,175th company has a market capitalization today of $404 million, which is smaller than the average, but still investable for most investors). Portfolios are formed on June 30 and rebalanced annually. When accounting for this backtest, Schneider National employees may recognize how two portfolios are weighted by market capitalization, which means that bigger firms contribute more to the performance of the portfolio, and smaller firms contribute less. Here, we can see that the value decile has comprehensively outperformed the glamour decile, returning 12.6 percent compounded (17.7 percent in the average year) over the full period versus 8.6 percent for the glamour decile (10.9 percent in the average year) (Carlisle-PB, P3).

These returns are considerably lower than the returns found for the price-to-earnings and cash-flow ratios discussed earlier. Despite the irregularity, Schneider National employees must be aware that the earnings and cash flow back tests ran back to only 1951, and the book value return data begins in 1926. The difference is due to the 1929 crash, which had an oversized impact on returns. The impact of the crash is visible on the chart; it took twenty years for the value decile to fully recover. Schneider National employees must also note how something similar has happened to the glamour decile since 2000; it hasn’t grown in 13 years. To make a comparison possible of the book value’s performance to the performance of earnings and cash flow over the same period, I also measured the returns beginning in 1951. Since 1951, the low P/B value decile has generated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.0 percent and an average annual return (AAR) of 17.9 percent. Over the same period, the glamour decile returned a CAGR of 9.6 percent and an AAR of 12.6 percent (Carlisle-PB, P5). These returns are approximately the same as the returns generated by the low P/CF and P/E studies over the same period.

In their study, they found that the quintile of the lowest P/E stocks significantly outperformed the high P/E quintile. The portfolio containing the lowest P/E stock returned 11.61% annualized compared to 4.83% for the highest P/E portfolio and 7.55% for the used universe of stocks. The graph below shows how the cumulative returns compare (it’s not even close). Schneider National employees can utilize this information to avoid investing in underperforming assets and better predict economic trends that translate into higher ROI.

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Weighting

It is important for employees and retirees of Schneider National to understand how market capitalization-weighted returns are useful for demonstrating that the outperformance of value over glamour is not due to the value portfolios containing smaller stocks. Unless you’re running an index (or hugging an index), they’re not really meaningful. The easiest portfolio weighting scheme is to simply equally weight each position. (If we’re prepared to put up with a little extra volatility for a little extra return, we can also Kelly weight our best ideas). Kelly Weighting is determined by the Kelly Criterion which is a formula used to determine what percentage of their capital should be used in each trade to maximize long-term growth. There are two key components to the formula (Kelly % = W- [(1 - W) / R]): the winning probability factor (W) and the win/loss ratio (R). The winning probability is the probability a trade will have a positive return. The win/loss ratio is equal to the total positive trade amounts divided by the total negative trading amounts. The result of the formula will tell investors what percentage of their total capital they should apply to each investment. By utilizing the Kelly Weighting, investors employed or retiring from Schneider National can have a better grasp of their exposure to each individual asset in their portfolio and make informed decisions regarding their asset allocation.

Schneider National employees should also account for the equal weight return statistics for book value. In the equal weight backtest, the value generated a 20.2 percent compounded return (27.3 percent on average), beating out glamour’s 6.3 percent compounded return (10.4 percent on average) (Carlisle-PB, P10). Since 1951 the equally weighted P/B value decile has generated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.0 percent and an average annual return (AAR) of 25.4 percent (Carlisle-PB, P11).

Over the same period, the glamour decile returned a CAGR of 6.4 percent and an AAR of 10.8 percent. These returns are close to the same as the returns generated by the low P/CF and P/E studies over the same period. When accounting for this information, Schneider National employees must recognize that the value portfolios outperformed because they bought more book value per dollar invested than the glamour portfolios: 4.57x on average versus 0.25x in the glamour portfolios (Carlisle-PB, P12). In the equal-weight portfolios, value has significantly outperformed glamour since 1999, beating it by an extraordinary 15.9 percent compounded, and 16.1 percent in the average year (Carlisle-PB, P13).

The Brandes Research Institute

Because we understand just how important data-driven solutions are for our Schneider National employees and retirees, we have provided another study, which discusses the P/CF ratio. In a Brandes Research Institute study, Exhibit 6 below illustrates the global all-cap findings across three price metrics.

The results confirmed a consistent value premium across all metrics. We will focus on the P/CF ratio and the outperformance in the decile 10 value stocks. The smallest outperformance between decile 1 glamour stocks and decile 10 value stocks can be observed with the P/B measurement, where the average outperformance was 7.1% (Brandes, p. 8).

About The Retirement Group

The Retirement Group is a nation-wide group of financial advisors who work together as a team.

We focus entirely on retirement planning and the design of retirement portfolios for transitioning corporate employees. Each representative of the group has been hand selected by The Retirement Group in select cities of the United States. Each advisor was selected based on their pension expertise, experience in financial planning, and portfolio construction knowledge.

TRG takes a teamwork approach in providing the best possible solutions for our clients’ concerns. The Team has a conservative investment philosophy and diversifies client portfolios with laddered bonds, CDs, mutual funds, ETFs, Annuities, Stocks and other investments to help achieve their goals. The team addresses Retirement, Pension, Tax, Asset Allocation, Estate, and Elder Care issues. This document utilizes various research tools and techniques. A variety of assumptions and judgmental elements are inevitably inherent in any attempt to estimate future results and, consequently, such results should be viewed as tentative estimations. Changes in the law, investment climate, interest rates, and personal circumstances will have profound effects on both the accuracy of our estimations and the suitability of our recommendations. The need for ongoing sensitivity to change and for constant re-examination and alteration of the plan is thus apparent.

Therefore, we encourage you to have your plan updated a few months before your potential retirement date as well as an annual review. It should be emphasized that neither The Retirement Group, LLC nor any of its employees can engage in the practice of law or accounting and that nothing in this document should be taken as an effort to do so. We look forward to working with tax and/or legal professionals you may select to discuss the relevant ramifications of our recommendations.

Throughout your retirement years we will continue to update you on issues affecting your retirement through our complimentary and proprietary newsletters, workshops and regular updates. You may always reach us at (800) 900-5867.

Sources

What to do with an Early Retirement Ebook
Social Security Ebook
Lump Sum vs. Annuity Ebook
401(k) Rollover Strategies Ebook
Closing the Retirement Gap Ebook
Brandes Institute, The. “Value vs. Glamour: A Long-Term Worldwide Perspective”. 2014. < https://www.brandes.com/docs/default-source/brandes-institute/value-vs-glamour-worldwide-perspective>.
Carlisle, Tobias. “Investing Using the Price-to-Earnings Ratio and Earnings Yield (Backtests 1951 to 2013)”. May 26, 2014. <http://greenbackd.com/2014/05/26/price-to-earnings-ratio-backtest-1951-to-2013/>.
Causeway Capital. “The Compelling Case for Value Stocks”. 2018 https://www.causewaycap.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/201802-TheCompellingCaseforValue-1.pdf
Research Affiliates. “To Win with ‘Smart Beta’, Ask if the Price is Right” September 7, 2016 < https://seekingalpha.com/article/4004564-win-smart-beta-ask-price-right>
Tweedy Browne Company LLC. “What Has Worked in Investing: Studies of Investment Approaches and Characteristics Associated with Exceptional Returns.” 1992. <http://www.tweedy.com/resources/library_docs/papers/WhatHasWorkedFundVersionWeb.pdf>.
Yuan, Vera. Guru Focus. “Earnings, Free Cash Flow, Book Value? Which Parameters Are Stock Prices Most Correlated To?”. August 2, 2013. < http://www.gurufocus.com/news/225255/earnings-free-cash-flow-book-value-which-parameters-are-stock-prices-most-correlated-to->.
Fama and French Backtesting http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/ken.french/data_library.html

What are the eligibility criteria for employees to participate in the Schneider Electric pension plan, and how do these criteria vary for salaried and hourly employees of Schneider Electric? In your answer, please elaborate on the implications of the different eligibility dates and any exceptions that may apply, such as coverage under collective bargaining agreements or participation in other retirement plans maintained by Schneider Electric.

Salaried and Hourly Employees: Eligible employees include those hired before January 1, 2006. Salaried employees become plan members the January 1 after joining the company if they are scheduled to work at least 17.5 hours per week, or if working less but completing 1,000 hours in a year. Hourly employees become members upon completing one hour of service. Exceptions: Employees hired or rehired after December 31, 2005, those covered under a collective bargaining agreement unless specified otherwise, and employees currently accruing benefits under another qualified company plan are ineligible.

How does the Schneider Electric pension plan calculate the monthly retirement benefit for participants, and what factors contribute to the final benefit amount? Discuss the importance of years of service, salary history, and the effect of any early or late retirement provisions on the final pension benefit.

The pension benefit for salaried employees is calculated using a formula considering years of benefit service, average monthly compensation, and covered compensation as of December 31, 2009. The benefit depends on the retirement age, chosen benefit payment form, and if benefits are received under another company plan. For hourly employees, the pension benefit is determined by the years of benefit service as of December 31, 2009, and a pension rate effective at that time.

What options are available for employees of Schneider Electric regarding spousal benefits under the pension plan, particularly if a participant passes away before or after retirement? In answering this question, detail how these options could affect survivors' financial stability and the importance of proper beneficiary designations during an employee's tenure at Schneider Electric.

Pre-Retirement: If an employee dies before pension payments start, the surviving spouse may receive a monthly death benefit at the employee’s normal retirement date, with payments potentially starting as early as the employee's 55th birthday. Post-Retirement: Joint and survivor annuity options are available, which provide continuing income to the spouse after the participant's death. The benefit amount is adjusted based on the selected payment option.

What procedures must be followed by Schneider Electric employees to initiate the retirement process and apply for pension benefits? Include in your discussion the timeframes and eligibility requirements for different retirement options, and highlight the consequences of failing to comply with these processes.

Employees must actively apply for pension benefits through the Schneider Electric Retiree Benefits Center. The application should be made close to the retirement date but no later than 90 days prior. The process includes choosing a payment method and, if applicable, obtaining spousal consent for certain payment options.

How does Schneider Electric ensure that benefits under its pension plan comply with the regulations set forth in ERISA, and what protections are offered to plan participants regarding benefit entitlement? Discuss the implications of these regulations and how they safeguard the interests of Schneider Electric employees.

The plan is designed to comply with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), offering protections like vesting rights and fiduciary standards to ensure benefit security. Participants are entitled to a fair process for benefit claims and appeals.

What steps can Schneider Electric employees take if their claim for pension benefits is denied, and what rights do they have under ERISA to appeal such denials? Explain the importance of understanding the claims review process and the role that documentation plays in successfully navigating benefits disputes.

If a pension claim is denied, participants can appeal the decision by following the process outlined in the plan document, which includes a review and potentially an adjustment of the claim.

How does the Schneider Electric pension plan handle the calculation of benefits for employees who were re-hired after a break in service? In addressing this question, explore the effect of prior service on future benefits and the rules governing vesting and accrual for these employees as stated in the plan.

Re-hired employees retain their previously earned benefits as of December 31, 2009, but they do not accrue additional benefits. If re-hired after a break and not fully vested, previous service may count towards vesting upon return, depending on the duration of the break in service.

What is the significance of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) in the context of Schneider Electric's pension plan, and how does it provide an additional layer of security for employeesâ€™ retirement benefits? Discuss how the PBGC's involvement affects participantsâ€™ perceptions of the safety and reliability of their pension benefits.

PBGC provides an insurance backstop that guarantees continuous payment of earned pension benefits up to legal limits in the event the plan fails financially, enhancing the security of the pension for employees.

What considerations must employees of Schneider Electric keep in mind when planning for early retirement, especially concerning the benefit reduction factors that apply? Elaborate on how consistent planning and understanding of these factors can influence an employeeâ€™s financial readiness for retirement.

Employees can elect early retirement beginning at age 55 with at least 10 years of vesting service. However, benefits are reduced based on how early the retirement starts relative to the normal retirement age.

How can Schneider Electric employees contact the company to obtain more information about the pension plan and retirement benefits? Detail the available resources, including specific contact numbers and web links, ensuring that employees know where to direct their inquiries regarding the Schneider Electric pension plan.

Employees can contact the Schneider Electric Retiree Benefits Center at 1-800-964-8843 for information about their pension plan and benefits, or access details online at the provided portal.