New Update: Healthcare Costs Increasing by Over 60% in Some States. Will you be impacted?

Investing Insights for Textron Employees: The Pros and Cons of Dollar-Cost Averaging vs. Lump-Sum Contributions

Healthcare Provider Update: Textron, an aerospace and defense company, primarily uses UnitedHealthcare as its healthcare provider for employee health plans. In 2026, healthcare costs are anticipated to rise significantly, with many Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace insurers projecting premium increases. A combination of factors-including the potential expiration of enhanced federal premium subsidies-could lead to out-of-pocket costs skyrocketing for millions of consumers. For instance, without these subsidies, many individuals may face premium hikes of over 75%. States like New York and Arkansas are expecting the most severe increases, with some premiums rising by up to 66.4%. This trend underscores the rising burden of healthcare costs, making it imperative for consumers to strategize their healthcare expenditures ahead of 2026. Click here to learn more

The Value Series

What is Book Value?

Testing

Weighting

The Brandes Research Institute

About The Retirement Group

Sources

The Value Series

Given the current elevated market volatility, we think now is a good time to revisit important value metrics in our four-part series. As an employee or retiree of Textron, who likely has little market analysis experience, we understand that the valuation process can seem confusing. However, we are here to tell you that the valuation process does not have to be complex to be successful. Simple valuation techniques such as the price-to-book ratio are generally easy to use and have been proven to be effective if utilized correctly. Investors are often looking for ways for their clients to beat the market. If you're one of those investors, you may want to consider the following strategy that has been implemented by the investment greats. Some value investors have historically beat the average annualized returns of the S&P 500, and many have successful track records spanning several decades to prove it. Textron employees, it is important to be knowledgeable regarding tactics used by famous investors such as Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, David Dodd, Charlie Munger, Christopher Browne and Seth Klarman. The investment style implemented by these professionals focus on four metrics that characterize a value investment. These four metrics include the Price to Earnings Ratio, the Price to Cash Flow Ratio, High Dividend Yield and the Price to Book Ratio. These metrics, as you will see, are strong indicators of undervalued security. If undervalued security is brought back to fair value then we would see positive returns on that security. For Textron employees, it is possible to utilize these metrics to better position yourself in the market for heightened returns. We will examine the effect of investing based off of certain characteristics and how their investment returns are correlated. Today, I want to end the four-part TRG Value Series with the granddaddy of metrics, the Price-to-Book value ratio (P/B).

What is Book Value?

Book value is preferred by many value investors to cash flow and earnings metrics because it is more stable year-to-year whereas cash flow and earnings can vary greatly. This is an important property for those at Textron to look out for due to the following reason: When a business at a cyclical trough with diminished cash flow and earnings might look expensive on the basis of price-to-cash flow or price-to-earnings, that same business may appear cheap on the basis of price-to-book value. This is because book value won’t fall much or at all in a downturn, and vice versa. Thus, the argument goes, the price-to-book value gives a more reliable picture of a company’s usual business performance, which Textron employees can use to elevate their investment decisions and investment performance. Benjamin Graham popularized the indicator in his books “Security Analysis” and “The Intelligent Investor”. Nobel Prize winner Eugene Fama and his research partner Kenneth French used the ratio in their three- and five-factor models to describe stock returns. Professor Joseph Piotroski uses the ratio as the only valuation measure in his F-Score methodology.

Testing

We understand the importance of data driven research for Textron employees and retirees. Set out below are the results of two Fama and French backtests of the book value-to-market equity (the inverse of the PB ratio) data from 1926 to 2013. As of December 2013, there were 3,175 firms in the sample (Carlisle-PB, P2). The value decile contained the 459 stocks with the highest earnings yield, and the glamour decile contained the 404 stocks with the lowest earnings yield.

The average size of the glamour stocks is $7.48 billion and the value stocks are $2.54 billion. (Note that the average is heavily skewed by the biggest companies. For context, the 3,175th company has a market capitalization today of $404 million, which is smaller than the average, but still investable for most investors). Portfolios are formed on June 30 and rebalanced annually. When accounting for this backtest, Textron employees may recognize how two portfolios are weighted by market capitalization, which means that bigger firms contribute more to the performance of the portfolio, and smaller firms contribute less. Here, we can see that the value decile has comprehensively outperformed the glamour decile, returning 12.6 percent compounded (17.7 percent in the average year) over the full period versus 8.6 percent for the glamour decile (10.9 percent in the average year) (Carlisle-PB, P3).

These returns are considerably lower than the returns found for the price-to-earnings and cash-flow ratios discussed earlier. Despite the irregularity, Textron employees must be aware that the earnings and cash flow back tests ran back to only 1951, and the book value return data begins in 1926. The difference is due to the 1929 crash, which had an oversized impact on returns. The impact of the crash is visible on the chart; it took twenty years for the value decile to fully recover. Textron employees must also note how something similar has happened to the glamour decile since 2000; it hasn’t grown in 13 years. To make a comparison possible of the book value’s performance to the performance of earnings and cash flow over the same period, I also measured the returns beginning in 1951. Since 1951, the low P/B value decile has generated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.0 percent and an average annual return (AAR) of 17.9 percent. Over the same period, the glamour decile returned a CAGR of 9.6 percent and an AAR of 12.6 percent (Carlisle-PB, P5). These returns are approximately the same as the returns generated by the low P/CF and P/E studies over the same period.

In their study, they found that the quintile of the lowest P/E stocks significantly outperformed the high P/E quintile. The portfolio containing the lowest P/E stock returned 11.61% annualized compared to 4.83% for the highest P/E portfolio and 7.55% for the used universe of stocks. The graph below shows how the cumulative returns compare (it’s not even close). Textron employees can utilize this information to avoid investing in underperforming assets and better predict economic trends that translate into higher ROI.

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Weighting

It is important for employees and retirees of Textron to understand how market capitalization-weighted returns are useful for demonstrating that the outperformance of value over glamour is not due to the value portfolios containing smaller stocks. Unless you’re running an index (or hugging an index), they’re not really meaningful. The easiest portfolio weighting scheme is to simply equally weight each position. (If we’re prepared to put up with a little extra volatility for a little extra return, we can also Kelly weight our best ideas). Kelly Weighting is determined by the Kelly Criterion which is a formula used to determine what percentage of their capital should be used in each trade to maximize long-term growth. There are two key components to the formula (Kelly % = W- [(1 - W) / R]): the winning probability factor (W) and the win/loss ratio (R). The winning probability is the probability a trade will have a positive return. The win/loss ratio is equal to the total positive trade amounts divided by the total negative trading amounts. The result of the formula will tell investors what percentage of their total capital they should apply to each investment. By utilizing the Kelly Weighting, investors employed or retiring from Textron can have a better grasp of their exposure to each individual asset in their portfolio and make informed decisions regarding their asset allocation.

Textron employees should also account for the equal weight return statistics for book value. In the equal weight backtest, the value generated a 20.2 percent compounded return (27.3 percent on average), beating out glamour’s 6.3 percent compounded return (10.4 percent on average) (Carlisle-PB, P10). Since 1951 the equally weighted P/B value decile has generated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.0 percent and an average annual return (AAR) of 25.4 percent (Carlisle-PB, P11).

Over the same period, the glamour decile returned a CAGR of 6.4 percent and an AAR of 10.8 percent. These returns are close to the same as the returns generated by the low P/CF and P/E studies over the same period. When accounting for this information, Textron employees must recognize that the value portfolios outperformed because they bought more book value per dollar invested than the glamour portfolios: 4.57x on average versus 0.25x in the glamour portfolios (Carlisle-PB, P12). In the equal-weight portfolios, value has significantly outperformed glamour since 1999, beating it by an extraordinary 15.9 percent compounded, and 16.1 percent in the average year (Carlisle-PB, P13).

The Brandes Research Institute

Because we understand just how important data-driven solutions are for our Textron employees and retirees, we have provided another study, which discusses the P/CF ratio. In a Brandes Research Institute study, Exhibit 6 below illustrates the global all-cap findings across three price metrics.

The results confirmed a consistent value premium across all metrics. We will focus on the P/CF ratio and the outperformance in the decile 10 value stocks. The smallest outperformance between decile 1 glamour stocks and decile 10 value stocks can be observed with the P/B measurement, where the average outperformance was 7.1% (Brandes, p. 8).

About The Retirement Group

The Retirement Group is a nation-wide group of financial advisors who work together as a team.

We focus entirely on retirement planning and the design of retirement portfolios for transitioning corporate employees. Each representative of the group has been hand selected by The Retirement Group in select cities of the United States. Each advisor was selected based on their pension expertise, experience in financial planning, and portfolio construction knowledge.

TRG takes a teamwork approach in providing the best possible solutions for our clients’ concerns. The Team has a conservative investment philosophy and diversifies client portfolios with laddered bonds, CDs, mutual funds, ETFs, Annuities, Stocks and other investments to help achieve their goals. The team addresses Retirement, Pension, Tax, Asset Allocation, Estate, and Elder Care issues. This document utilizes various research tools and techniques. A variety of assumptions and judgmental elements are inevitably inherent in any attempt to estimate future results and, consequently, such results should be viewed as tentative estimations. Changes in the law, investment climate, interest rates, and personal circumstances will have profound effects on both the accuracy of our estimations and the suitability of our recommendations. The need for ongoing sensitivity to change and for constant re-examination and alteration of the plan is thus apparent.

Therefore, we encourage you to have your plan updated a few months before your potential retirement date as well as an annual review. It should be emphasized that neither The Retirement Group, LLC nor any of its employees can engage in the practice of law or accounting and that nothing in this document should be taken as an effort to do so. We look forward to working with tax and/or legal professionals you may select to discuss the relevant ramifications of our recommendations.

Throughout your retirement years we will continue to update you on issues affecting your retirement through our complimentary and proprietary newsletters, workshops and regular updates. You may always reach us at (800) 900-5867.

Sources

What to do with an Early Retirement Ebook
Social Security Ebook
Lump Sum vs. Annuity Ebook
401(k) Rollover Strategies Ebook
Closing the Retirement Gap Ebook
Brandes Institute, The. “Value vs. Glamour: A Long-Term Worldwide Perspective”. 2014. < https://www.brandes.com/docs/default-source/brandes-institute/value-vs-glamour-worldwide-perspective>.
Carlisle, Tobias. “Investing Using the Price-to-Earnings Ratio and Earnings Yield (Backtests 1951 to 2013)”. May 26, 2014. <http://greenbackd.com/2014/05/26/price-to-earnings-ratio-backtest-1951-to-2013/>.
Causeway Capital. “The Compelling Case for Value Stocks”. 2018 https://www.causewaycap.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/201802-TheCompellingCaseforValue-1.pdf
Research Affiliates. “To Win with ‘Smart Beta’, Ask if the Price is Right” September 7, 2016 < https://seekingalpha.com/article/4004564-win-smart-beta-ask-price-right>
Tweedy Browne Company LLC. “What Has Worked in Investing: Studies of Investment Approaches and Characteristics Associated with Exceptional Returns.” 1992. <http://www.tweedy.com/resources/library_docs/papers/WhatHasWorkedFundVersionWeb.pdf>.
Yuan, Vera. Guru Focus. “Earnings, Free Cash Flow, Book Value? Which Parameters Are Stock Prices Most Correlated To?”. August 2, 2013. < http://www.gurufocus.com/news/225255/earnings-free-cash-flow-book-value-which-parameters-are-stock-prices-most-correlated-to->.
Fama and French Backtesting http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/ken.french/data_library.html

How does the retirement process at Textron Systems begin for employees, and what initial actions should they consider taking leading up to their retirement date? What are the key timelines and steps involved in initiating their retirement plan with Textron Systems, and how can these impact their retirement benefits?

Retirement Process Initiation: Employees planning retirement with Textron Systems should start by preparing 180 days before their desired retirement date. This involves confirming eligibility for the pension plan, ensuring it is within 180 days of their pension benefit commencement date, and reviewing their current pension benefit options on Fidelity's website. The retirement election process begins by contacting the Fidelity Benefits Service Center to request the necessary forms 45 to 90 days before the desired benefit start date(Textron Systems_Getting…).

What are the eligibility criteria for retiring employees under the Textron retirement plan, specifically regarding service hours and plan details? Furthermore, how do any past employment records with AVCO Corporation influence retiree benefits under Textron Systems?

Eligibility Criteria and AVCO Corporation Influence: Employees become eligible for the Textron Retirement Plan by completing at least 1,000 compensated hours per year. If the employee worked for AVCO Corporation before the merger with Textron, they may have additional retirement benefits, such as federal tax exclusions on part of their pension, if they kept their contributions in the AVCO Retirement Plan(Textron Systems_Getting…)(Textron Systems_Getting…).

How are the various pension benefit options structured within the Textron Systems retirement program, and what considerations should employees keep in mind when choosing between these options? Additionally, what happens if an employee wishes to change their payment option after retirement?

Pension Benefit Options: Textron Systems offers multiple pension payment options, including Single Life Annuity, Joint and Survivor Annuities, and Year Certain and Continuous Annuities. The chosen option is crucial, as it impacts retirement income and cannot be changed once the pension payments begin. Employees should consider their financial situation and consult a financial advisor before making a decision(Textron Systems_Getting…).

What documentation is necessary for Textron Systems employees to gather and submit in order to collect their pension benefits? How does the provision of accurate and complete data affect the processing of their retirement applications with Textron Systems?

Required Documentation: Employees must gather specific documents, such as birth certificates (for both the employee and spouse if applicable), marriage certificates, and a voided check for direct deposit. Providing accurate and complete information helps avoid delays in the retirement application process(Textron Systems_Getting…).

What tax implications should Textron Systems employees be aware of concerning their pension benefits, particularly in relation to IRS regulations? Additionally, how can employees explore the possibility of non-taxable portions of their retirement income?

Tax Implications: Pension payments are generally considered taxable income by the IRS and the state, except in some cases for former AVCO Corporation employees. Employees should consult a tax advisor for more specific information regarding potential tax exclusions(Textron Systems_Getting…).

In what ways does Textron Systems provide for the continuation of health insurance for spouses of retiring employees, particularly if the spouse is under 65? What specific documentation is required, and how does this process differ from regular health insurance enrollment?

Health Insurance for Spouses: If a retiring employee’s spouse is under 65, Textron Systems requires a letter from a Textron HR representative to verify prior coverage under the company's medical plan. This differs from regular enrollment, as the new insurer may require proof of prior coverage(Textron Systems_Getting…).

How does the decision to retire before the age of 65 affect an individualâ€™s pension benefits within the Textron retirement plan? What specific reductions and conditions should potential retirees consider when making this decision?

Retirement Before Age 65: Retiring before age 65 results in a permanent reduction in pension benefits. Typically, the reduction is 5% per year under the age of 65, though some employees may be eligible for an unreduced pension based on certain age and service requirements(Textron Systems_Getting…).

What strategies can Textron Systems employees adopt to prepare for their transition into retirement in a way that ensures a smoother process? How can employees manage emotional and practical aspects of retirement to facilitate this major life change?

Retirement Transition Strategies: Employees are encouraged to start retirement planning well in advance to ensure a smooth transition. Engaging with financial planners, addressing emotional and practical aspects, and having clear goals can help manage the complexities of retirement(Textron Systems_Getting…).

What steps should employees take if they experience difficulties accessing their retirement benefits through Fidelityâ€™s services as coordinated by Textron Systems? In what ways does Textron Systems support employees in resolving such issues?

Accessing Benefits Through Fidelity: If employees face difficulties accessing their retirement benefits through Fidelity, they should contact Fidelity’s Benefits Service Center. Textron Systems provides support through coordinators who help resolve such issues(Textron Systems_Getting…).

How can Textron Systems employees reach out for additional information about their retirement process and benefits packages? What are the specific contact details for reaching a retirement benefits coordinator at Textron, and what resources does the company offer to assist employees in their retirement planning?

Contacting Retirement Coordinators: Employees can reach out to the Fidelity Benefits Service Center at 1-866-698-9847 for assistance with their retirement benefits. Fidelity’s website, www.netbenefits.fidelity.com, is also available for reviewing pension options and benefits(Textron Systems_Getting…)(Textron Systems_Getting…).