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How Consolidated Edison Employees Can Use Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts (IDGTs) in Estate Planning

Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for Consolidated Edison: Consolidated Edison (Con Edison) primarily utilizes Empire BlueCross BlueShield as its healthcare provider for employee health insurance plans. This offers a range of services including medical, pharmaceutical, and behavioral health benefits for its employees and their families. Potential Healthcare Cost Increases for Consolidated Edison in 2026: As the healthcare landscape changes, Consolidated Edison faces potential challenges with rising health insurance premiums expected in 2026. Experts predict that without the continuation of enhanced federal subsidies, individuals enrolled in ACA marketplace plans may see premium increases exceeding 75%. This surge is driven by escalating medical costs, including hospital and drug prices, which are increasing faster than overall inflation. With major insurers seeking double-digit rate hikes and a significant number of enrollees expected to face higher out-of-pocket costs, Consolidated Edison employees may need to prepare for heightened financial pressures related to their healthcare coverage in the upcoming year. Click here to learn more

“Consolidated Edison employees reviewing IDGTs can benefit from understanding how these trusts may support long-term legacy planning, although qualified legal and tax professionals should review these strategies to determine whether they fit into their overall goals.” ~ Wesley Boudreaux, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

“Consolidated Edison employees considering an IDGT should recognize how this strategy may support long-term wealth transfer goals, although these structures should be reviewed with qualified legal and tax professionals to determine whether they align with each household’s broader plan.” ~ Patrick Ray, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article, we will discuss:

How intentionally defective grantor trusts (IDGTs) work.
The advantages and potential limitations of using an IDGT.
Key considerations for Consolidated Edison employees evaluating this type of planning strategy.

An irrevocable trust arrangement known as an intentionally defective grantor trust (IDGT) allows the grantor to move assets out of their taxable estate while still being treated as the owner of those assets for income tax purposes. Many people, including Consolidated Edison employees with high-growth or income-producing holdings, may benefit from using this strategy to support long-term wealth preservation.

How an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust Works

For tax purposes, different kinds of trusts receive different treatment, and understanding the distinctions can help Consolidated Edison professionals review planning strategies more effectively.

Revocable Trusts

In a revocable trust, the grantor is taxed on trust income and is regarded as the owner for income tax purposes. A separate trust income tax return is usually unnecessary. These assets generally remain inside the grantor’s taxable estate because the grantor maintains full control.

Irrevocable Trusts

An irrevocable trust is treated as its own tax entity, filing its own return and taking its own deductions. When properly drafted so the grantor does not retain certain powers or interests, assets transferred to an irrevocable trust are generally removed from the taxable estate, a detail that can matter for Consolidated Edison professionals with substantial savings or investment holdings.

How IDGTs Combine These Features

An IDGT is structured as an irrevocable trust for estate and gift tax purposes, removing assets from the taxable estate, but is treated as a grantor trust for income tax purposes. As long as the grantor pays income taxes on trust earnings, the trust’s assets can grow outside the estate, which may appeal to Consolidated Edison professionals with long-term legacy goals.

Why It’s Called “Intentionally Defective”

The trust is drafted so that, under IRS grantor-trust rules, the grantor remains the owner for income tax purposes due to certain retained powers. At the same time, the trust is irrevocable for estate tax purposes, allowing the assets to remain outside the taxable estate—a structure that may assist with multigenerational planning.

Advantages of an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust

Because an IDGT is a grantor trust for income tax purposes, the grantor pays income tax on trust earnings. This leads to two important benefits that may interest Consolidated Edison employees with high-value assets:

- Trust assets can grow for beneficiaries without being reduced by income tax payments.
- Income tax paid by the grantor reduces the taxable estate without being classified as a gift.

- This dynamic—where grantors use personal funds to pay taxes that would otherwise reduce trust assets—is often referred to as a “tax burn.”

How Assets Are Transferred to an IDGT

Consolidated Edison employees reviewing wealth transfer strategies may encounter two common approaches:

1. Gift or Partial Gift/Sale

A grantor can move assets to an IDGT as a gift. If the gift stays within the lifetime gift and estate tax exemption, it typically does not create out-of-pocket gift tax. Some planning approaches combine a partial gift with a sale to balance estate goals.

2. Sale to the IDGT

Many grantors sell assets to an IDGT in exchange for a promissory note with an interest rate at or above the IRS Applicable Federal Rate (AFR).

- The sale is typically not treated as a taxable gift if conducted at fair market value.
- Appreciation above the AFR occurs outside the grantor’s estate for beneficiaries.
- When AFR rules and loan requirements are followed, the note is treated as valid consideration and carries an interest obligation.

Potential Drawbacks of an IDGT

Once established, an IDGT is difficult to modify, similar to other irrevocable trusts. Outcomes also depend on the trust assets growing at a rate higher than the AFR. If that does not occur, the intended estate planning benefits may fall short—an important consideration for Consolidated Edison employees reviewing various asset types.

Who Might Consider an IDGT?

An IDGT can be appealing for families facing potential estate tax exposure, especially when transferring assets with strong growth potential. This approach works best when the grantor has sufficient liquidity to continue paying the trust’s income taxes personally, a factor some Consolidated Edison employees review when assessing retirement and estate liquidity. Because the structure requires precise legal drafting, it should be established with qualified legal counsel.

Need Support with IDGTs or Retirement Planning?

The Retirement Group can assist you in reviewing whether an IDGT fits into your broader retirement and estate plan as a Consolidated Edison employee. For guidance tailored to your long-term goals, call us at (800) 900-5867 .

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Sources:

1. BMO Wealth Management. Herman, Brad. Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust. BMO Financial Group, Oct. 2021,
https://uswealth.bmo.com/media/filer_public/8b/3f/8b3f85c6-21b0-407e-bfbf-0f9b181c1673/bwm_idgtarticle_1103.pdf .

2. Fidelity Wealth Management. “What Is an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust (IDGT)?” Fidelity Viewpoints , 4 Dec. 2025,
https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/wealth-management/insights/intentionally-defective-grantor-trusts .

3. Hirtle, Callaghan & Co. Estate Planning With Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts.
Hirtle, Callaghan & Co., 2020,
https://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Intentionally-Defective-Grantor-Trusts.pdf .

4. Nevada Trust Company. Ford-Grella, Jaclyn. “How Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts Can Safeguard Assets for Future Generations.” Nevada Trust Company , 10 Dec. 2024,
https://www.nevadatrust.com/how-intentionally-defective-grantor-trusts-can-safeguard-assets-for-future-generations/ .

What is the 401(k) plan offered by Consolidated Edison?

The 401(k) plan offered by Consolidated Edison is a retirement savings plan that allows employees to save a portion of their salary on a tax-deferred basis.

How can employees enroll in the Consolidated Edison 401(k) plan?

Employees can enroll in the Consolidated Edison 401(k) plan by completing the enrollment process through the company’s HR portal or by contacting the HR department for assistance.

Does Consolidated Edison offer a matching contribution to the 401(k) plan?

Yes, Consolidated Edison offers a matching contribution to the 401(k) plan, which helps employees increase their retirement savings.

What is the maximum contribution limit for the Consolidated Edison 401(k) plan?

The maximum contribution limit for the Consolidated Edison 401(k) plan is in line with IRS guidelines, which are updated annually. Employees should check the current limits for the year.

Can employees take loans against their 401(k) savings at Consolidated Edison?

Yes, Consolidated Edison allows employees to take loans against their 401(k) savings, subject to certain terms and conditions.

What investment options are available in the Consolidated Edison 401(k) plan?

The Consolidated Edison 401(k) plan offers a variety of investment options, including mutual funds, target-date funds, and other investment vehicles, allowing employees to choose based on their risk tolerance.

Is there a vesting schedule for the employer match in the Consolidated Edison 401(k) plan?

Yes, there is a vesting schedule for the employer match in the Consolidated Edison 401(k) plan, which determines how much of the employer contributions employees are entitled to based on their years of service.

How can employees check their 401(k) balance with Consolidated Edison?

Employees can check their 401(k) balance with Consolidated Edison by logging into the retirement plan portal or by contacting the plan administrator.

What happens to the 401(k) savings if an employee leaves Consolidated Edison?

If an employee leaves Consolidated Edison, they have several options for their 401(k) savings, including rolling it over to another retirement account, cashing it out, or leaving it in the Consolidated Edison plan if eligible.

Are there any fees associated with the Consolidated Edison 401(k) plan?

Yes, there may be fees associated with the Consolidated Edison 401(k) plan, which can include administrative fees and investment-related fees. Employees should review the plan documents for detailed information.

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

Consolidated Edison offers a traditional pension plan under the Final Average Pay and CECONY Career Average formulas, which include a Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA) to help protect retirement income against inflation. Employees who retired under these formulas receive an automatic COLA, but this does not apply to those under the cash balance formula or hired after June 26, 2005, in certain unions. The pension plan details, including service years and age qualifications, are outlined in the company’s retirement plan documents. Consolidated Edison’s 401(k) plan is managed by Vanguard, offering various investment options. The plan includes employer contributions and is available to all eligible employees. For detailed specifics, refer to the company's 2023 retirement plan documents

Restructuring Layoffs and Company Changes: Consolidated Edison has been actively managing its workforce and financial strategies in response to the evolving energy market. In early 2024, the company announced various structural adjustments, including potential layoffs, to streamline operations and adapt to clean energy initiatives. These actions are critical to address due to the current economic conditions, political pressures to shift towards sustainable energy, and the necessity of maintaining investor confidence amidst market fluctuations. Addressing these workforce adjustments is essential in the current investment climate.

Stock Options: Con Edison provides its employees with stock options, allowing them to purchase shares at a predetermined price. This option becomes valuable if the company's stock price increases over time. The acronym commonly used for these options within the company is ESO (Employee Stock Options). Restricted Stock Units (RSUs): RSUs are awarded to employees as a form of compensation. These units represent a promise to deliver company shares to employees upon meeting certain conditions, such as continued employment over a specific period. The RSUs granted by Con Edison typically vest over a few years, ensuring long-term employee commitment. The RSUs are denoted internally with the acronym RSU.

Healthcare Plans: Con Edison offers comprehensive health benefits through providers like Cigna and CVS Health. For 2024, the Cigna Open Access Plus Copay Plan is a prominent option for retirees under 65 and those who are Medicare-eligible. This plan includes coverage for hospital stays, outpatient services, routine preventive care, and emergency room visits. The benefits also extend to vision care, with coverage for routine eye exams and glasses every 24 months. Cost Management: To manage increasing healthcare costs, especially under Medicare, Con Edison has emphasized the importance of selecting appropriate coverage during open enrollment periods. The company has adjusted its offerings over the years, such as discontinuing the Aetna Non-Medicare plan after 2023 and limiting new enrollments in certain HMOs. Healthcare-Related Acronyms: Specific terms used by Con Edison include "HMO" (Health Maintenance Organization), "PPO" (Preferred Provider Organization), and "FSA" (Flexible Spending Account), which are essential for understanding the various health plan options and associated benefits.

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For more information you can reach the plan administrator for Consolidated Edison at 4 Irving Place New York, NY 10003; or by calling them at (212) 460-4600.

https://www.retirees.coned.com/en/benefits/cost-of-living-adjustment https://www.thelayoff.com/t/ulNi6Yn https://conedison.gcs-web.com/proxy-0 https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/41385-52 https://www.theretirementgroup.com/featured-article/5448106/how-consolidated-edison-employees-can-manage-healthcare-cost-increases https://www.emparion.com/ https://www6.lifeatworkportal.com/slogin/edison/pdf/GY5_H12_H20_2024_Benefits_Enrollment_Guide_Flex.pdf