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How Dominion Energy Employees Can Use Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts (IDGTs) in Estate Planning

Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for Dominion Energy: Dominion Energy primarily partners with Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield to provide health insurance coverage for its employees. This collaboration helps in offering healthcare services and benefits tailored to meet the needs of the workforce. Potential Healthcare Cost Increases in 2026: As the healthcare landscape evolves, Dominion Energy employees may face significant increases in healthcare costs by 2026. Predictions indicate that health insurance premiums for many ACA marketplace plans could soar by over 60%, largely due to the expiration of enhanced federal subsidies and skyrocketing medical costs. This combination threatens to impact household budgets, potentially raising out-of-pocket expenses for nearly all marketplace enrollees. Consequently, preparing for these anticipated costs in advance will be crucial for individuals and families who rely on these services. Click here to learn more

“Dominion Energy employees reviewing IDGTs can benefit from understanding how these trusts may support long-term legacy planning, although qualified legal and tax professionals should review these strategies to determine whether they fit into their overall goals.” ~ Wesley Boudreaux, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

“Dominion Energy employees considering an IDGT should recognize how this strategy may support long-term wealth transfer goals, although these structures should be reviewed with qualified legal and tax professionals to determine whether they align with each household’s broader plan.” ~ Patrick Ray, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article, we will discuss:

How intentionally defective grantor trusts (IDGTs) work.
The advantages and potential limitations of using an IDGT.
Key considerations for Dominion Energy employees evaluating this type of planning strategy.

An irrevocable trust arrangement known as an intentionally defective grantor trust (IDGT) allows the grantor to move assets out of their taxable estate while still being treated as the owner of those assets for income tax purposes. Many people, including Dominion Energy employees with high-growth or income-producing holdings, may benefit from using this strategy to support long-term wealth preservation.

How an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust Works

For tax purposes, different kinds of trusts receive different treatment, and understanding the distinctions can help Dominion Energy professionals review planning strategies more effectively.

Revocable Trusts

In a revocable trust, the grantor is taxed on trust income and is regarded as the owner for income tax purposes. A separate trust income tax return is usually unnecessary. These assets generally remain inside the grantor’s taxable estate because the grantor maintains full control.

Irrevocable Trusts

An irrevocable trust is treated as its own tax entity, filing its own return and taking its own deductions. When properly drafted so the grantor does not retain certain powers or interests, assets transferred to an irrevocable trust are generally removed from the taxable estate, a detail that can matter for Dominion Energy professionals with substantial savings or investment holdings.

How IDGTs Combine These Features

An IDGT is structured as an irrevocable trust for estate and gift tax purposes, removing assets from the taxable estate, but is treated as a grantor trust for income tax purposes. As long as the grantor pays income taxes on trust earnings, the trust’s assets can grow outside the estate, which may appeal to Dominion Energy professionals with long-term legacy goals.

Why It’s Called “Intentionally Defective”

The trust is drafted so that, under IRS grantor-trust rules, the grantor remains the owner for income tax purposes due to certain retained powers. At the same time, the trust is irrevocable for estate tax purposes, allowing the assets to remain outside the taxable estate—a structure that may assist with multigenerational planning.

Advantages of an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust

Because an IDGT is a grantor trust for income tax purposes, the grantor pays income tax on trust earnings. This leads to two important benefits that may interest Dominion Energy employees with high-value assets:

- Trust assets can grow for beneficiaries without being reduced by income tax payments.
- Income tax paid by the grantor reduces the taxable estate without being classified as a gift.

- This dynamic—where grantors use personal funds to pay taxes that would otherwise reduce trust assets—is often referred to as a “tax burn.”

How Assets Are Transferred to an IDGT

Dominion Energy employees reviewing wealth transfer strategies may encounter two common approaches:

1. Gift or Partial Gift/Sale

A grantor can move assets to an IDGT as a gift. If the gift stays within the lifetime gift and estate tax exemption, it typically does not create out-of-pocket gift tax. Some planning approaches combine a partial gift with a sale to balance estate goals.

2. Sale to the IDGT

Many grantors sell assets to an IDGT in exchange for a promissory note with an interest rate at or above the IRS Applicable Federal Rate (AFR).

- The sale is typically not treated as a taxable gift if conducted at fair market value.
- Appreciation above the AFR occurs outside the grantor’s estate for beneficiaries.
- When AFR rules and loan requirements are followed, the note is treated as valid consideration and carries an interest obligation.

Potential Drawbacks of an IDGT

Once established, an IDGT is difficult to modify, similar to other irrevocable trusts. Outcomes also depend on the trust assets growing at a rate higher than the AFR. If that does not occur, the intended estate planning benefits may fall short—an important consideration for Dominion Energy employees reviewing various asset types.

Who Might Consider an IDGT?

An IDGT can be appealing for families facing potential estate tax exposure, especially when transferring assets with strong growth potential. This approach works best when the grantor has sufficient liquidity to continue paying the trust’s income taxes personally, a factor some Dominion Energy employees review when assessing retirement and estate liquidity. Because the structure requires precise legal drafting, it should be established with qualified legal counsel.

Need Support with IDGTs or Retirement Planning?

The Retirement Group can assist you in reviewing whether an IDGT fits into your broader retirement and estate plan as a Dominion Energy employee. For guidance tailored to your long-term goals, call us at (800) 900-5867 .

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Sources:

1. BMO Wealth Management. Herman, Brad. Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust. BMO Financial Group, Oct. 2021,
https://uswealth.bmo.com/media/filer_public/8b/3f/8b3f85c6-21b0-407e-bfbf-0f9b181c1673/bwm_idgtarticle_1103.pdf .

2. Fidelity Wealth Management. “What Is an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust (IDGT)?” Fidelity Viewpoints , 4 Dec. 2025,
https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/wealth-management/insights/intentionally-defective-grantor-trusts .

3. Hirtle, Callaghan & Co. Estate Planning With Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts.
Hirtle, Callaghan & Co., 2020,
https://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Intentionally-Defective-Grantor-Trusts.pdf .

4. Nevada Trust Company. Ford-Grella, Jaclyn. “How Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts Can Safeguard Assets for Future Generations.” Nevada Trust Company , 10 Dec. 2024,
https://www.nevadatrust.com/how-intentionally-defective-grantor-trusts-can-safeguard-assets-for-future-generations/ .

What specific factors should employees consider when evaluating their retirement benefits under the Dominion Energy Pension Plan, particularly those who were hired before July 1, 2021? Employees should understand how their age, final average earnings, and credited service impact their monthly retirement benefits. Additionally, what changes might be relevant for those who have transitioned to a different retirement plan under Dominion Energy since 2021?

Evaluating Retirement Benefits: Employees hired before July 1, 2021, should consider factors like age, final average earnings, and credited service when evaluating their Dominion Energy Pension Plan benefits. The formula for calculating benefits includes 1.8% of the final average earnings, multiplied by credited service, minus an estimated Social Security benefit. For those who have transitioned to a Cash Balance Pension Plan after 2021, the benefits are calculated differently, based on employer contributions to the employee's Cash Balance Account.

How does the Special Retirement Account feature within the Dominion Energy Pension Plan complement the traditional pension benefits for employees hired before 2008? Employees need clarity on how this account accumulates funds, the impact of contributions and interest credited according to IRS guidelines, and how it influences overall retirement income during their retirement years.

Special Retirement Account (SRA) Benefits: The Special Retirement Account (SRA) is an additional benefit for employees hired before 2008. This account is credited with 2% of an employee's pay each month and accumulates interest according to IRS guidelines. The SRA can be taken as a lump sum or an annuity, providing extra retirement income. Employees can choose to receive it alongside their traditional pension, enhancing their overall retirement benefit.

For employees considering early retirement options under the Dominion Energy Pension Plan, what are the potential financial implications? Specifically, how are benefits calculated for those who retire before age 65, and what penalties or reductions in monthly benefits must they be aware of regarding their overall retirement strategy?

Early Retirement Financial Implications: For employees considering early retirement, benefits under the Dominion Energy Pension Plan are reduced if taken before age 65. Specifically, the reduction is 0.25% per month for retirement between ages 58 and 60 and 0.50% per month for ages 55 to 58. This results in up to a 24% reduction in benefits if an employee retires at age 55, influencing their overall retirement strategy.

What are the steps Dominion Energy employees must undertake to ensure their beneficiaries are properly designated within the pension plan? This includes understanding the implications for both married and unmarried employees regarding survivor benefits and how to ensure that their wishes are reflected in the beneficiary designations as per the plan's requirements.

Beneficiary Designations: Dominion Energy employees should ensure their beneficiary designations reflect their wishes. For married employees, the spouse is automatically the beneficiary unless a different person is designated with spousal consent. Unmarried employees can choose any beneficiary, ensuring survivor benefits align with their personal circumstances.

In the event of a disability, how does the Dominion Energy Pension Plan provide support to its employees? Employees should understand the eligibility criteria for continued benefits, how credited service is affected, and the options available under both the Traditional Pension and Cash Balance formulas during periods of long-term disability.

Disability Benefits: Employees who qualify for long-term disability under the Dominion Energy Pension Plan continue to accrue credited service until age 65. Those under the Traditional Pension formula maintain eligibility for a pension based on their final average earnings and credited service, ensuring continued support during periods of disability.

How have the vesting requirements under the Dominion Energy Pension Plan evolved, and what does it mean for employees hired before and after July 1, 2021? Understanding these changes is essential for employees to assess their benefits and rights in relation to their service with the company, particularly if they leave before reaching the normal retirement age.

Vesting Requirements: Vesting for the Dominion Energy Pension Plan requires three years of service. For employees hired before July 1, 2021, vesting ensures non-forfeitable rights to pension benefits, regardless of whether they reach normal retirement age. Employees hired after July 1, 2021, are not eligible for the pension plan but may participate in alternative retirement benefits.

How can Dominion Energy employees effectively plan for retirement considering Social Security benefits? It is important for employees to integrate their expected Social Security benefits with their Dominion Energy pension projections, and to understand how each component contributes to their overall retirement income.

Social Security and Pension Planning: Employees should integrate their Social Security benefits with their Dominion Energy pension to ensure a comprehensive retirement income strategy. Using estimated Social Security benefits, employees can calculate how both sources will contribute to their financial stability in retirement.

What resources are available to Dominion Energy employees for estimating their pension benefits and planning their retirement? Employees should be informed about tools and websites like the Your Benefits Resource website, which provides insights into their pension information, including the ability to run benefit projections or request retirement estimates.

Retirement Planning Resources: Dominion Energy provides tools like the "Your Benefits Resource" website, which allows employees to view pension information, run benefit projections, and request retirement estimates. This helps employees plan effectively by estimating future benefits and understanding their retirement options.

Under what circumstances can Dominion Energy employees elect for a lump sum payment of their pension benefits, and what are the tax implications associated with such a decision? Employees need a thorough understanding of the consequences of taking lump sum distributions versus annuity payments, particularly regarding penalties and tax treatments in accordance with IRS regulations.

Lump Sum Payments and Tax Implications: Dominion Energy employees can elect to receive a lump sum payment of their pension benefits. However, lump sum distributions are subject to income taxes and may incur early withdrawal penalties if taken before age 59½. Rolling over the lump sum into an IRA or another retirement plan can defer taxes and avoid penalties.

How can employees at Dominion Energy get in touch with HR or the Benefits Center to clarify any questions regarding their pension benefits and retirement planning? It's crucial for employees to know the best methods to contact the Dominion Energy Benefit Center and the availability of service representatives to discuss their concerns or make necessary changes to their benefits.

Contacting HR and Benefits Center: Dominion Energy employees can reach the Benefits Center by calling 877-434-6996, Monday through Friday, from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. ET. The Benefits Center provides assistance with retirement planning, beneficiary updates, and other pension-related inquiries, ensuring employees have access to support when needed(Dominion Energy_July 20…).

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

Dominion Energy offers robust retirement benefits for its employees, including a defined benefit pension plan and a 401(k) savings plan, with eligibility varying based on the employee's hire date. For those hired before July 1, 2021, the Dominion Energy Pension Plan provides a monthly benefit at retirement based on years of service and salary, using a pension formula of 2% of base pay multiplied by the number of years of service (Dominion Energy Careers). Employees hired after this date are not eligible for the pension plan, but they may still participate in the company's 401(k) plan (SEC.gov). The Dominion Energy 401(k) Salaried Savings Plan allows employees to contribute a percentage of their compensation, with a company matching contribution of 4% to 5%, depending on years of service. Additionally, the company provides a non-elective automatic contribution of 4% or 5% of the employee's eligible compensation. These contributions become fully vested after three years of service (SEC.gov). Dominion Energy’s plans also include a diverse set of investment options, allowing participants to direct their contributions and employer contributions across various funds. If no directions are made, contributions are invested in a Target Retirement Trust based on the participant's age (SEC.gov). Additionally, the Dominion Stock Fund makes up a significant portion of the company's investment offerings. The 401(k) plan includes flexible dividend options, giving participants the choice to receive cash dividends or reinvest them in Dominion Energy stock

Restructuring and Layoffs: In 2023, Dominion Energy announced a significant restructuring plan aimed at reducing operational costs and streamlining its business operations. The restructuring led to the elimination of several positions across various departments. This move was part of a broader strategy to enhance operational efficiency and adapt to the changing energy market. The decision to lay off employees was influenced by the company's need to align with economic pressures and optimize its workforce in light of ongoing shifts in the energy sector. Importance: Addressing this news is crucial due to the current economic climate, which is marked by fluctuating energy prices and increased regulatory scrutiny. Additionally, the company's restructuring efforts reflect broader trends in corporate strategy during times of economic uncertainty. Understanding these changes helps employees and investors navigate potential impacts on job security and company performance.

Stock Options: Dominion Energy provides employees with Non-Qualified Stock Options (NSOs) and, occasionally, Incentive Stock Options (ISOs). NSOs are commonly offered to a broad range of employees, while ISOs are typically reserved for executives and senior management.

Dominion Energy offers a comprehensive health benefits package for its employees, covering a range of medical, dental, and vision needs. Employees can choose from three medical plan options, all administered by Anthem, and they also have access to a Health Savings Account (HSA) or Healthcare Flexible Spending Account (FSA) depending on the plan. Dental and vision coverage is provided through MetLife and EyeMed, respectively, with options like orthodontia and LASIK discounts. Additionally, Dominion Energy has recently switched its Health Savings Account vendor to PayFlex for 2024. The company also provides extensive parental leave options, including up to 120 hours of paid leave for full-time employees, and resources like the Employee Assistance Program (EAP) and Dependent Care Flexible Spending Account to support families.

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For more information you can reach the plan administrator for Dominion Energy at 120 Tredegar St Richmond, VA 23219; or by calling them at (804) 819-2000.