New Update: Healthcare Costs Increasing by Over 60% in Some States. Will you be impacted?

How Equity Residential Employees Can Use Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts (IDGTs) in Estate Planning

Healthcare Provider Update: Offers three medical plan options including UHC PPO and Surest, with 100% preventive care coverage. Employees also receive dental, vision, HSAs, FSAs, and wellness incentives 7. With ACA premiums rising and subsidies expiring, Equitys employer-sponsored plans may provide better value and predictability for employees. Click here to learn more

“Equity Residential employees reviewing IDGTs can benefit from understanding how these trusts may support long-term legacy planning, although qualified legal and tax professionals should review these strategies to determine whether they fit into their overall goals.” ~ Wesley Boudreaux, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

“Equity Residential employees considering an IDGT should recognize how this strategy may support long-term wealth transfer goals, although these structures should be reviewed with qualified legal and tax professionals to determine whether they align with each household’s broader plan.” ~ Patrick Ray, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article, we will discuss:

How intentionally defective grantor trusts (IDGTs) work.
The advantages and potential limitations of using an IDGT.
Key considerations for Equity Residential employees evaluating this type of planning strategy.

An irrevocable trust arrangement known as an intentionally defective grantor trust (IDGT) allows the grantor to move assets out of their taxable estate while still being treated as the owner of those assets for income tax purposes. Many people, including Equity Residential employees with high-growth or income-producing holdings, may benefit from using this strategy to support long-term wealth preservation.

How an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust Works

For tax purposes, different kinds of trusts receive different treatment, and understanding the distinctions can help Equity Residential professionals review planning strategies more effectively.

Revocable Trusts

In a revocable trust, the grantor is taxed on trust income and is regarded as the owner for income tax purposes. A separate trust income tax return is usually unnecessary. These assets generally remain inside the grantor’s taxable estate because the grantor maintains full control.

Irrevocable Trusts

An irrevocable trust is treated as its own tax entity, filing its own return and taking its own deductions. When properly drafted so the grantor does not retain certain powers or interests, assets transferred to an irrevocable trust are generally removed from the taxable estate, a detail that can matter for Equity Residential professionals with substantial savings or investment holdings.

How IDGTs Combine These Features

An IDGT is structured as an irrevocable trust for estate and gift tax purposes, removing assets from the taxable estate, but is treated as a grantor trust for income tax purposes. As long as the grantor pays income taxes on trust earnings, the trust’s assets can grow outside the estate, which may appeal to Equity Residential professionals with long-term legacy goals.

Why It’s Called “Intentionally Defective”

The trust is drafted so that, under IRS grantor-trust rules, the grantor remains the owner for income tax purposes due to certain retained powers. At the same time, the trust is irrevocable for estate tax purposes, allowing the assets to remain outside the taxable estate—a structure that may assist with multigenerational planning.

Advantages of an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust

Because an IDGT is a grantor trust for income tax purposes, the grantor pays income tax on trust earnings. This leads to two important benefits that may interest Equity Residential employees with high-value assets:

- Trust assets can grow for beneficiaries without being reduced by income tax payments.
- Income tax paid by the grantor reduces the taxable estate without being classified as a gift.

- This dynamic—where grantors use personal funds to pay taxes that would otherwise reduce trust assets—is often referred to as a “tax burn.”

How Assets Are Transferred to an IDGT

Equity Residential employees reviewing wealth transfer strategies may encounter two common approaches:

1. Gift or Partial Gift/Sale

A grantor can move assets to an IDGT as a gift. If the gift stays within the lifetime gift and estate tax exemption, it typically does not create out-of-pocket gift tax. Some planning approaches combine a partial gift with a sale to balance estate goals.

2. Sale to the IDGT

Many grantors sell assets to an IDGT in exchange for a promissory note with an interest rate at or above the IRS Applicable Federal Rate (AFR).

- The sale is typically not treated as a taxable gift if conducted at fair market value.
- Appreciation above the AFR occurs outside the grantor’s estate for beneficiaries.
- When AFR rules and loan requirements are followed, the note is treated as valid consideration and carries an interest obligation.

Potential Drawbacks of an IDGT

Once established, an IDGT is difficult to modify, similar to other irrevocable trusts. Outcomes also depend on the trust assets growing at a rate higher than the AFR. If that does not occur, the intended estate planning benefits may fall short—an important consideration for Equity Residential employees reviewing various asset types.

Who Might Consider an IDGT?

An IDGT can be appealing for families facing potential estate tax exposure, especially when transferring assets with strong growth potential. This approach works best when the grantor has sufficient liquidity to continue paying the trust’s income taxes personally, a factor some Equity Residential employees review when assessing retirement and estate liquidity. Because the structure requires precise legal drafting, it should be established with qualified legal counsel.

Need Support with IDGTs or Retirement Planning?

The Retirement Group can assist you in reviewing whether an IDGT fits into your broader retirement and estate plan as a Equity Residential employee. For guidance tailored to your long-term goals, call us at (800) 900-5867 .

Featured Video

Articles you may find interesting:

Sources:

1. BMO Wealth Management. Herman, Brad. Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust. BMO Financial Group, Oct. 2021,
https://uswealth.bmo.com/media/filer_public/8b/3f/8b3f85c6-21b0-407e-bfbf-0f9b181c1673/bwm_idgtarticle_1103.pdf .

2. Fidelity Wealth Management. “What Is an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust (IDGT)?” Fidelity Viewpoints , 4 Dec. 2025,
https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/wealth-management/insights/intentionally-defective-grantor-trusts .

3. Hirtle, Callaghan & Co. Estate Planning With Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts.
Hirtle, Callaghan & Co., 2020,
https://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Intentionally-Defective-Grantor-Trusts.pdf .

4. Nevada Trust Company. Ford-Grella, Jaclyn. “How Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts Can Safeguard Assets for Future Generations.” Nevada Trust Company , 10 Dec. 2024,
https://www.nevadatrust.com/how-intentionally-defective-grantor-trusts-can-safeguard-assets-for-future-generations/ .

What are the eligibility requirements for employees to participate in the Equity-League Pension Plan, and how can they ensure compliance with these requirements to maximize their potential benefits during retirement?

Eligibility for the Equity-League Pension Plan: Employees become eligible to participate in the Pension Plan by working at least two weeks in covered employment during a 12-month period. To maximize benefits, employees should ensure they continue working in covered employment to accumulate Years of Vesting Service (YVS), which solidifies their entitlement to benefits even if they leave the industry(Equity-League_Pension_T…).

How do the contribution limits for the Equity-League 401(k) Plan compare to traditional IRAs, and what strategies can employees deploy to make the most of their contribution options as they approach retirement?

Contribution Limits Comparison: The Equity-League 401(k) Plan has higher contribution limits compared to traditional IRAs. Employees can contribute up to $19,000 annually (or $25,000 if over 50), while traditional IRAs are capped at $6,000 (or $7,000 for those over 50). By taking full advantage of catch-up contributions as they near retirement, employees can significantly boost their retirement savings(Equity-League_Pension_T…).

What approaches can participants in the Equity-League Pension Plan take to effectively manage their individual accounts, and how can they adjust their investment strategies based on changes in their employment status or retirement goals?

Managing Individual Accounts in the Pension Plan: Participants in the Equity-League 401(k) Plan can manage their accounts by selecting from various investment options, including age-based and equity funds. Adjusting investments based on career changes or retirement goals can help employees align their portfolios with their risk tolerance and retirement timeline(Equity-League_Pension_T…).

In what ways can employees of the Equity-League Pension Plan benefit from understanding the vesting schedule, and how can this knowledge impact their overall retirement planning and decision-making process?

Vesting Schedule: Understanding the vesting schedule is crucial for employees. Employees become vested by accumulating five YVS or by satisfying other vesting tests, such as the 25-year test. Once vested, employees secure their pension benefits, regardless of future employment changes(Equity-League_Pension_T…).

What are the tax implications for participants in the Equity-League Pension Trust Fund when taking distributions from their retirement accounts, and how can they optimize their withdrawals to minimize tax liabilities?

Tax Implications for Distributions: When taking distributions from their retirement accounts, employees may face a 10% penalty if withdrawals are made before age 59½. However, rolling over distributions into IRAs can help defer taxes. Employees should consult tax professionals to optimize withdrawals and minimize tax liabilities(Equity-League_Pension_T…)(Equity-League_Pension_T…).

How can employees ensure that their beneficiary designations are current within the Equity-League Pension Plan, and what steps should they take in the event of a life change, such as marriage or divorce, to protect their intended beneficiaries?

Beneficiary Designations: It’s important for employees to keep beneficiary designations current. In the event of life changes such as marriage or divorce, updating these designations ensures intended beneficiaries receive the appropriate benefits. Employees can contact the Fund Office to make updates(Equity-League_Pension_T…)(Equity-League_Pension_T…).

What resources are available for employees of the Equity-League Pension Trust Fund to educate themselves about their retirement rights under ERISA, and how can they utilize these resources to advocate for their interests effectively?

ERISA Resources for Employees: Employees are protected under ERISA, which guarantees certain rights regarding their retirement benefits. The Equity-League Pension Trust Fund provides resources such as the Summary Plan Description, and employees can access legal help if they believe their rights have been violated(Equity-League_Pension_T…).

How does the withdrawal process work for employees of the Equity-League Pension Plan, particularly in the context of normal retirement age and circumstances that may lead to early withdrawals?

Withdrawal Process: Employees can take withdrawals as early as age 60, but benefits will be reduced for each year prior to age 65. Early withdrawals may also incur penalties, so employees should consider the long-term financial impact before opting for early retirement(Equity-League_Pension_T…).

Given the significant assets under management in the Equity-League Pension Trust Fund, how do investment choices within the plan impact employees' potential retirement income, and what factors should be considered when selecting these investments?

Investment Choices: Investment options within the 401(k) Plan impact employees' retirement income. With 19 investment choices, including equity and fixed-income investments, participants should select funds that balance growth and risk, keeping in mind the potential long-term returns(Equity-League_Pension_T…).

What is the best way for employees to contact the Equity-League Pension Trust Fund for inquiries about their benefits or the retirement process, and what specific information should they be prepared to provide to facilitate a productive conversation?

Contacting the Fund for Inquiries: Employees can contact the Equity-League Pension Trust Fund by phone, email, or mail. When making inquiries, employees should provide personal details such as their participant ID and questions about specific benefits to ensure efficient assistance(Equity-League_Pension_T…).

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

Pension Plan Name: Equity Residential does not offer a traditional defined benefit pension plan. Instead, they focus on other retirement savings options. Years of Service and Age Qualification: Not applicable, as Equity Residential does not have a traditional pension plan. 401(k) Plan: 401(k) Plan Name: Equity Residential 401(k) Plan. Who Qualifies: Full-time employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan.

Restructuring and Layoffs: Equity Residential, a major player in the residential real estate sector, has recently undergone a restructuring phase aimed at optimizing operations and enhancing efficiency. This move comes in response to shifting market conditions and evolving tenant needs. As part of this restructuring, the company has streamlined its workforce to better align with its strategic objectives. While specific numbers of layoffs have not been disclosed, the company's focus has been on adapting to economic fluctuations and improving operational agility. It is crucial to monitor these developments due to the current economic environment, which includes challenges related to investment returns and regulatory changes impacting real estate. Understanding these adjustments can provide valuable insights into how real estate companies are navigating these complexities.

Equity Residential Stock Options and RSUs 2022 Equity Residential (EQR) offered both stock options and RSUs to its employees. The company typically uses EQR for stock options and RSU for Restricted Stock Units in its documentation. In 2022, employees at Equity Residential eligible for these benefits included senior executives and other key employees. 2023 In 2023, Equity Residential continued its practice of granting stock options and RSUs to select employees. The acronym EQR refers to stock options, while RSU denotes Restricted Stock Units within the company’s benefit structure. This year, the eligibility was similar to previous years, targeting executives and high-performing staff. 2024 For 2024, Equity Residential maintained its stock option and RSU programs with updates to the vesting schedules and grant sizes. Employees at Equity Residential can receive these benefits based on their role and performance, with EQR used for stock options and RSU for Restricted Stock Units. Eligibility remains focused on key positions and high contributors.

Equity Residential has been actively working on enhancing its employee healthcare benefits, particularly in the context of its Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) initiatives. In 2023, the company emphasized its commitment to creating a supportive environment for its employees by expanding healthcare offerings that include comprehensive medical, dental, and vision plans. These benefits are designed to support the diverse needs of its workforce, reflecting the company's broader commitment to social responsibility and employee well-being. Equity Residential has also integrated wellness programs aimed at promoting physical and mental health, recognizing the importance of employee well-being in sustaining long-term business success.