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How Lincoln National Employees Can Use Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts (IDGTs) in Estate Planning

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Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for Lincoln National: Lincoln National Corporation does not directly provide healthcare services. Instead, it operates as a financial services company that offers various insurance and investment solutions. For healthcare coverage, Lincoln National collaborates with health insurance providers like Aetna for its employee benefits and health-related products. Potential Healthcare Cost Increases in 2026: Healthcare costs are projected to rise significantly in 2026, driven by factors such as inflation in medical care and large anticipated increases from major insurers. Premiums for Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace plans could soar by over 20% on average, with some states facing hikes that exceed 60%. The potential expiration of enhanced premium subsidies will further exacerbate the situation, leading to a staggering increase of over 75% in out-of-pocket costs for many enrollees. As a result, consumers will need to navigate these challenges carefully, focusing on proactive strategies to manage their healthcare expenses effectively. Click here to learn more

“Lincoln National employees reviewing IDGTs can benefit from understanding how these trusts may support long-term legacy planning, although qualified legal and tax professionals should review these strategies to determine whether they fit into their overall goals.” ~ Wesley Boudreaux, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

“Lincoln National employees considering an IDGT should recognize how this strategy may support long-term wealth transfer goals, although these structures should be reviewed with qualified legal and tax professionals to determine whether they align with each household’s broader plan.” ~ Patrick Ray, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article, we will discuss:

  1. How intentionally defective grantor trusts (IDGTs) work.

  2. The advantages and potential limitations of using an IDGT.

  3. Key considerations for Lincoln National employees evaluating this type of planning strategy.

An irrevocable trust arrangement known as an intentionally defective grantor trust (IDGT) allows the grantor to move assets out of their taxable estate while still being treated as the owner of those assets for income tax purposes. Many people, including Lincoln National employees with high-growth or income-producing holdings, may benefit from using this strategy to support long-term wealth preservation.

How an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust Works

For tax purposes, different kinds of trusts receive different treatment, and understanding the distinctions can help Lincoln National professionals review planning strategies more effectively.

Revocable Trusts

In a revocable trust, the grantor is taxed on trust income and is regarded as the owner for income tax purposes. A separate trust income tax return is usually unnecessary. These assets generally remain inside the grantor’s taxable estate because the grantor maintains full control.

Irrevocable Trusts

An irrevocable trust is treated as its own tax entity, filing its own return and taking its own deductions. When properly drafted so the grantor does not retain certain powers or interests, assets transferred to an irrevocable trust are generally removed from the taxable estate, a detail that can matter for Lincoln National professionals with substantial savings or investment holdings.

How IDGTs Combine These Features

An IDGT is structured as an irrevocable trust for estate and gift tax purposes, removing assets from the taxable estate, but is treated as a grantor trust for income tax purposes. As long as the grantor pays income taxes on trust earnings, the trust’s assets can grow outside the estate, which may appeal to Lincoln National professionals with long-term legacy goals.

Why It’s Called “Intentionally Defective”

The trust is drafted so that, under IRS grantor-trust rules, the grantor remains the owner for income tax purposes due to certain retained powers. At the same time, the trust is irrevocable for estate tax purposes, allowing the assets to remain outside the taxable estate—a structure that may assist with multigenerational planning.

Advantages of an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust

Because an IDGT is a grantor trust for income tax purposes, the grantor pays income tax on trust earnings. This leads to two important benefits that may interest Lincoln National employees with high-value assets:

  • - Trust assets can grow for beneficiaries without being reduced by income tax payments.

  • - Income tax paid by the grantor reduces the taxable estate without being classified as a gift.

- This dynamic—where grantors use personal funds to pay taxes that would otherwise reduce trust assets—is often referred to as a “tax burn.”

How Assets Are Transferred to an IDGT

Lincoln National employees reviewing wealth transfer strategies may encounter two common approaches:

1. Gift or Partial Gift/Sale

A grantor can move assets to an IDGT as a gift. If the gift stays within the lifetime gift and estate tax exemption, it typically does not create out-of-pocket gift tax. Some planning approaches combine a partial gift with a sale to balance estate goals.

2. Sale to the IDGT

Many grantors sell assets to an IDGT in exchange for a promissory note with an interest rate at or above the IRS Applicable Federal Rate (AFR).

  • - The sale is typically not treated as a taxable gift if conducted at fair market value.

  • - Appreciation above the AFR occurs outside the grantor’s estate for beneficiaries.

  • - When AFR rules and loan requirements are followed, the note is treated as valid consideration and carries an interest obligation.

Potential Drawbacks of an IDGT

Once established, an IDGT is difficult to modify, similar to other irrevocable trusts. Outcomes also depend on the trust assets growing at a rate higher than the AFR. If that does not occur, the intended estate planning benefits may fall short—an important consideration for Lincoln National employees reviewing various asset types.

Who Might Consider an IDGT?

An IDGT can be appealing for families facing potential estate tax exposure, especially when transferring assets with strong growth potential. This approach works best when the grantor has sufficient liquidity to continue paying the trust’s income taxes personally, a factor some Lincoln National employees review when assessing retirement and estate liquidity. Because the structure requires precise legal drafting, it should be established with qualified legal counsel.

Need Support with IDGTs or Retirement Planning?

The Retirement Group can assist you in reviewing whether an IDGT fits into your broader retirement and estate plan as a Lincoln National employee. For guidance tailored to your long-term goals, call us at  (800) 900-5867 .

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Sources:

1. BMO Wealth Management.  Herman, Brad.  Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust.  BMO Financial Group, Oct. 2021,
https://uswealth.bmo.com/media/filer_public/8b/3f/8b3f85c6-21b0-407e-bfbf-0f9b181c1673/bwm_idgtarticle_1103.pdf .

2. Fidelity Wealth Management.  “What Is an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust (IDGT)?”  Fidelity Viewpoints , 4 Dec. 2025,
https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/wealth-management/insights/intentionally-defective-grantor-trusts .

3. Hirtle, Callaghan & Co.   Estate Planning With Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts.
Hirtle, Callaghan & Co., 2020,
https://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Intentionally-Defective-Grantor-Trusts.pdf .

4. Nevada Trust Company.  Ford-Grella, Jaclyn. “How Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts Can Safeguard Assets for Future Generations.”  Nevada Trust Company , 10 Dec. 2024,
https://www.nevadatrust.com/how-intentionally-defective-grantor-trusts-can-safeguard-assets-for-future-generations/ .

What is the primary purpose of Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan?

The primary purpose of Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan is to help employees save for retirement by providing tax-advantaged investment options.

How can employees at Lincoln National enroll in the 401(k) Savings Plan?

Employees at Lincoln National can enroll in the 401(k) Savings Plan through the company’s online benefits portal or by contacting the HR department for assistance.

Does Lincoln National match employee contributions to the 401(k) Savings Plan?

Yes, Lincoln National offers a matching contribution to the 401(k) Savings Plan, which helps employees maximize their retirement savings.

What types of investments are available in Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan?

Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan offers a variety of investment options, including mutual funds, target-date funds, and company stock.

What is the minimum contribution percentage for Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan?

The minimum contribution percentage for Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan is typically set at 1% of an employee's salary, but employees are encouraged to contribute more if possible.

Can employees at Lincoln National take loans against their 401(k) Savings Plan balance?

Yes, Lincoln National allows employees to take loans against their 401(k) Savings Plan balance under certain conditions.

What happens to my 401(k) Savings Plan if I leave Lincoln National?

If you leave Lincoln National, you can choose to roll over your 401(k) Savings Plan balance into an IRA or another qualified retirement plan, or you may withdraw the funds, subject to taxes and penalties.

How often can employees change their contribution amounts to Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan?

Employees at Lincoln National can change their contribution amounts to the 401(k) Savings Plan at any time, subject to certain administrative deadlines.

Are there any fees associated with Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan?

Yes, Lincoln National's 401(k) Savings Plan may have administrative fees and investment-related fees, which are disclosed in the plan documents.

What educational resources does Lincoln National provide to help employees understand the 401(k) Savings Plan?

Lincoln National offers educational resources such as workshops, online tools, and one-on-one consultations to help employees understand and manage their 401(k) Savings Plan.

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.
Lincoln National offers a comprehensive retirement package, including a pension plan and the LNC Employees' 401(k) Savings Plan. The pension plan, also known as a defined benefit plan, provides employees with a guaranteed retirement income based on their years of service and salary. The exact formula for the pension plan includes a specific percentage of the final average salary multiplied by the number of years of service. The minimum service requirement is typically five years, and the pension benefits become fully vested at this point. Employees must meet certain age qualifications, generally beginning at age 55 with early retirement options. The 401(k) Savings Plan, also referred to as a defined contribution plan, allows employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax salary. Lincoln National matches these contributions up to a certain percentage. In 2022, 2023, and 2024, Lincoln enhanced its 401(k) offerings by providing more investment options and improved online tools to help employees manage their retirement savings. Employees become eligible for the 401(k) plan after completing one year of service and reaching age 21. The LNC Employees' 401(k) Savings Plan is notable for its flexibility, allowing participants to make both pre-tax and Roth contributions​ (lincolnfinancial)​ (Business Wire).
Lincoln National Corporation has experienced significant restructuring efforts in 2023 and 2024, including layoffs and changes to its workforce. In early 2024, the company announced a 5% reduction in its workforce, impacting employees across various segments. These layoffs are part of a broader strategic realignment aimed at addressing the company's financial difficulties, which have been compounded by external pressures such as inflation, regulatory changes, and market volatility. Additionally, Lincoln National saw a substantial financial loss in the fourth quarter of 2023, reporting a net loss of $1.2 billion. This loss led to further emphasis on cost-cutting measures, including benefit restructuring, workforce reductions, and pension adjustments​ (S&P Global)​ (AM Best).
For Lincoln National, both employee stock options and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) are made available as part of their equity compensation plans to incentivize and retain key employees. Lincoln National offers RSUs to employees, with vesting schedules that typically follow a multi-year plan, often with a cliff period followed by gradual vesting. This aligns with common industry practices, where RSUs are granted without an upfront purchase requirement, and they are taxed as ordinary income when they vest​ (Zajac Group)​ (Facet). RSUs at Lincoln National are distributed based on performance and employment status, with eligibility generally extending to full-time employees, directors, and some high-level contractors​ (MarketBeat). In addition to RSUs, Lincoln National also offers Non-Qualified Stock Options (NQSOs). These stock options provide employees the right to purchase company shares at a fixed strike price, with taxation occurring when the options are exercised and based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value​ (Facet)​ (Brooklyn Fi). Stock options are generally awarded to senior employees, allowing them to benefit from any increase in Lincoln National’s stock price over time.
Lincoln National offers a robust set of healthcare benefits for its employees, which has seen significant updates over the past few years. In 2023, Lincoln National continued to provide comprehensive health coverage, including medical, dental, and vision insurance, through various plan options. The company places particular emphasis on preventive care, with terms such as “Health Savings Account (HSA),” “Preferred Provider Organization (PPO),” and “Flexible Spending Account (FSA)” frequently used in their communications​ (lincolnfinancial). Additionally, Lincoln National promotes its Employee Assistance Program (EAP), which offers confidential support for both personal and professional challenges. With healthcare costs rising by approximately 5.4% in 2024, Lincoln National, like many employers, has been working to contain expenses while still offering high-quality healthcare options​ (Mercer | Welcome to brighter)​ (Mercer | Welcome to brighter). The importance of Lincoln National’s healthcare benefits cannot be overstated, especially given the current economic and political environment. Rising inflation and healthcare costs have pressured employers to reevaluate their healthcare strategies. Lincoln National’s focus on maintaining affordable care options, despite these challenges, highlights its commitment to employee well-being. This approach is crucial for retaining talent and managing healthcare costs effectively in a turbulent economic landscape, where investments in employee health contribute to long-term organizational success. The company's proactive stance in managing healthcare benefit expenses is a strategic response to both economic pressures and evolving healthcare legislation​ (lincolnfinancial)​ (Mercer | Welcome to brighter).
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For more information you can reach the plan administrator for Lincoln National at , ; or by calling them at .

https://intellizence.com/insights/layoff-downsizing/leading-companies-announcing-layoffs-and-hiring-freezes/ https://www.thelayoff.com/t/1qkG9jdL https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/lnc/company/ https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/lincoln-financial-s-stock-drops-amid-layoffs-q4-2023-net-loss-80363396 https://www.consultrms.com/ https://www.retirementplanblog.com/ https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220106005614/en/Lincoln-Financial-Launches-New-Retirement-Plan-Participant-Experience https://zajacgrp.com/insights/a-comparison-of-employee-stock-options-vs-restricted-stock-units/ https://facet.com/equity/understanding-restricted-stock-units-rsus-taxes-vesting-schedules-pros-cons/ https://facet.com/equity/understanding-restricted-stock-units-rsus-taxes-vesting-schedules-pros-cons/ https://www.mercer.com/en-us/solutions/health-and-benefits/research/national-survey-of-employer-sponsored-health-plans/ https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/personal-finance/retirement/company-stock https://zambrifinancial.lpl.com/resource-center/retirement/net-unrealized-appreciation-nua-explained https://carlsoncap.com/articles/nua-net-unrealized-appreciation/ https://fortunefinancialadvisors.com/blog/ https://www.milliman.com/en/insight/2023-lump-sums-defined-benefit-plans-much-lower-as-interest-rates-rise https://www.foxrothschild.com/publications/interest-rate-hikes-present-challenge-for-fully-funded-pension-plans https://www.planadviser.com/ https://www.wealthmanagement.com/ https://www.thelayoff.com/t/1qMplmf1 https://www.kiplinger.com/article/retirement/t012-c032-s014-a-beginner-s-guide-to-deferred-compensation.html https://finviz.com/quote.ashx?t=LNC&p=d https://www.marketbeat.com/stocks/NYSE/LNC/ https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/quote/LNC/

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