New Update: Healthcare Costs Increasing by Over 60% in Some States. Will you be impacted?

How UPS Employees Can Use Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts (IDGTs) in Estate Planning

Healthcare Provider Update: Healthcare Provider for UPS: UPS is served by the UPS Health and Wellness Program, which provides a range of health benefits through various partnerships with healthcare providers and facilities aimed at supporting the well-being of its employees. Potential Healthcare Cost Increases in 2026: As 2026 approaches, healthcare costs are anticipated to surge significantly, primarily driven by the expiration of enhanced federal premium subsidies and rising medical expenses. Many states are facing projected premium increases, with some exceeding 60%. This scenario poses a daunting challenge as over 22 million Marketplace enrollees-92% of policyholders-could experience out-of-pocket premium hikes surpassing 75%. With insurers anticipating aggressive rate hikes and a landscape already strained by increased healthcare utilization, families and individuals will need to navigate these financial pressures carefully to maintain access to necessary healthcare services. Click here to learn more

“UPS employees reviewing IDGTs can benefit from understanding how these trusts may support long-term legacy planning, although qualified legal and tax professionals should review these strategies to determine whether they fit into their overall goals.” ~ Wesley Boudreaux, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

“UPS employees considering an IDGT should recognize how this strategy may support long-term wealth transfer goals, although these structures should be reviewed with qualified legal and tax professionals to determine whether they align with each household’s broader plan.” ~ Patrick Ray, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article, we will discuss:

How intentionally defective grantor trusts (IDGTs) work.
The advantages and potential limitations of using an IDGT.
Key considerations for UPS employees evaluating this type of planning strategy.

An irrevocable trust arrangement known as an intentionally defective grantor trust (IDGT) allows the grantor to move assets out of their taxable estate while still being treated as the owner of those assets for income tax purposes. Many people, including UPS employees with high-growth or income-producing holdings, may benefit from using this strategy to support long-term wealth preservation.

How an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust Works

For tax purposes, different kinds of trusts receive different treatment, and understanding the distinctions can help UPS professionals review planning strategies more effectively.

Revocable Trusts

In a revocable trust, the grantor is taxed on trust income and is regarded as the owner for income tax purposes. A separate trust income tax return is usually unnecessary. These assets generally remain inside the grantor’s taxable estate because the grantor maintains full control.

Irrevocable Trusts

An irrevocable trust is treated as its own tax entity, filing its own return and taking its own deductions. When properly drafted so the grantor does not retain certain powers or interests, assets transferred to an irrevocable trust are generally removed from the taxable estate, a detail that can matter for UPS professionals with substantial savings or investment holdings.

How IDGTs Combine These Features

An IDGT is structured as an irrevocable trust for estate and gift tax purposes, removing assets from the taxable estate, but is treated as a grantor trust for income tax purposes. As long as the grantor pays income taxes on trust earnings, the trust’s assets can grow outside the estate, which may appeal to UPS professionals with long-term legacy goals.

Why It’s Called “Intentionally Defective”

The trust is drafted so that, under IRS grantor-trust rules, the grantor remains the owner for income tax purposes due to certain retained powers. At the same time, the trust is irrevocable for estate tax purposes, allowing the assets to remain outside the taxable estate—a structure that may assist with multigenerational planning.

Advantages of an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust

Because an IDGT is a grantor trust for income tax purposes, the grantor pays income tax on trust earnings. This leads to two important benefits that may interest UPS employees with high-value assets:

- Trust assets can grow for beneficiaries without being reduced by income tax payments.
- Income tax paid by the grantor reduces the taxable estate without being classified as a gift.

- This dynamic—where grantors use personal funds to pay taxes that would otherwise reduce trust assets—is often referred to as a “tax burn.”

How Assets Are Transferred to an IDGT

UPS employees reviewing wealth transfer strategies may encounter two common approaches:

1. Gift or Partial Gift/Sale

A grantor can move assets to an IDGT as a gift. If the gift stays within the lifetime gift and estate tax exemption, it typically does not create out-of-pocket gift tax. Some planning approaches combine a partial gift with a sale to balance estate goals.

2. Sale to the IDGT

Many grantors sell assets to an IDGT in exchange for a promissory note with an interest rate at or above the IRS Applicable Federal Rate (AFR).

- The sale is typically not treated as a taxable gift if conducted at fair market value.
- Appreciation above the AFR occurs outside the grantor’s estate for beneficiaries.
- When AFR rules and loan requirements are followed, the note is treated as valid consideration and carries an interest obligation.

Potential Drawbacks of an IDGT

Once established, an IDGT is difficult to modify, similar to other irrevocable trusts. Outcomes also depend on the trust assets growing at a rate higher than the AFR. If that does not occur, the intended estate planning benefits may fall short—an important consideration for UPS employees reviewing various asset types.

Who Might Consider an IDGT?

An IDGT can be appealing for families facing potential estate tax exposure, especially when transferring assets with strong growth potential. This approach works best when the grantor has sufficient liquidity to continue paying the trust’s income taxes personally, a factor some UPS employees review when assessing retirement and estate liquidity. Because the structure requires precise legal drafting, it should be established with qualified legal counsel.

Need Support with IDGTs or Retirement Planning?

The Retirement Group can assist you in reviewing whether an IDGT fits into your broader retirement and estate plan as a UPS employee. For guidance tailored to your long-term goals, call us at (800) 900-5867 .

Featured Video

Articles you may find interesting:

Sources:

1. BMO Wealth Management. Herman, Brad. Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust. BMO Financial Group, Oct. 2021,
https://uswealth.bmo.com/media/filer_public/8b/3f/8b3f85c6-21b0-407e-bfbf-0f9b181c1673/bwm_idgtarticle_1103.pdf .

2. Fidelity Wealth Management. “What Is an Intentionally Defective Grantor Trust (IDGT)?” Fidelity Viewpoints , 4 Dec. 2025,
https://www.fidelity.com/viewpoints/wealth-management/insights/intentionally-defective-grantor-trusts .

3. Hirtle, Callaghan & Co. Estate Planning With Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts.
Hirtle, Callaghan & Co., 2020,
https://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Intentionally-Defective-Grantor-Trusts.pdf .

4. Nevada Trust Company. Ford-Grella, Jaclyn. “How Intentionally Defective Grantor Trusts Can Safeguard Assets for Future Generations.” Nevada Trust Company , 10 Dec. 2024,
https://www.nevadatrust.com/how-intentionally-defective-grantor-trusts-can-safeguard-assets-for-future-generations/ .

How can employees take full advantage of the retirement benefits offered by UPS, including the pension plan enhancements implemented in 2024, and what specific eligibility criteria must they meet to secure these benefits? In your experience, how have changes in the UPS pension plan over the years, especially the recent increases to service pension benefits, impacted the financial planning of UPS employees nearing retirement?

To fully take advantage of the UPS retirement benefits, including the pension plan enhancements implemented in 2024, employees must meet specific eligibility criteria, such as length of service and retirement age, which are outlined in the company's pension plan documents. Recent increases in service pension benefits, particularly for employees nearing retirement, have allowed UPS workers to better secure their financial future, giving them a more stable foundation as they transition out of the workforce. These changes have made financial planning more predictable for those close to retirement.

What are the steps that part-time employees at UPS need to follow to transition to full-time status, and how does this transition affect their eligibility for the UPS Pension Plan? Additionally, can you outline how the accrual of Credited Service works for both part-time and full-time UPS employees under the current plan rules?

Part-time employees at UPS must follow an established process to transition to full-time status, often based on seniority, availability, and performance reviews. Once they transition to full-time, their eligibility for the UPS Pension Plan improves, allowing for faster accrual of service credits. Accrual of Credited Service for part-time employees is typically prorated based on the hours worked, while full-time employees accumulate service credits more quickly, based on a 40-hour workweek under the current plan rules.

Considering the rise in healthcare costs, what healthcare options are available to UPS employees upon retirement, and how do the TeamCare plans differ between full-time and part-time retirees? How does the retiree medical coverage through TeamCare ensure that UPS employees maintain health insurance access without significant financial burden after retirement?

UPS offers comprehensive healthcare options through TeamCare for retirees, which vary for full-time and part-time employees. Full-time retirees generally receive more extensive coverage, while part-time retirees may have more limited options. TeamCare ensures that UPS retirees have access to affordable healthcare coverage post-retirement by providing plans designed to reduce the financial burden of rising healthcare costs, helping retirees maintain health insurance with manageable out-of-pocket expenses.

How does the UPS pension plan accommodate employees who have worked in multiple states or for different employers within the Teamsters system? What provisions are in place to ensure that their service credits are recognized and valued, particularly for those who may approach retirement age with a patchwork of employment history?

The UPS pension plan accommodates employees who have worked in multiple states or for different employers within the Teamsters system by recognizing their service credits across various jurisdictions. This ensures that even employees with patchwork employment histories can count their service toward pension eligibility, helping them qualify for retirement benefits despite moving between employers or locations within the Teamsters network.

What specific provisions exist for retirees at UPS who may choose to return to part-time employment post-retirement? Can you detail how this affects their pension benefits and any other retirement-related income they might receive, alongside UPS's policies regarding reemployment for retirees?

UPS retirees who choose to return to part-time work after retirement can do so under certain conditions without affecting their pension benefits. However, there may be limits on how much they can work without reducing their pension income. UPS’s policies on reemployment allow retirees to maintain some of their retirement-related income while taking on part-time roles, ensuring financial stability alongside continued employment.

How can employees at UPS navigate the process of filing a grievance if they feel their retirement benefits have not been administered fairly? What are the resources available to them, and how does the grievance procedure relate to the overall benefits they receive under the UPS pension and welfare plans?

If employees feel their retirement benefits have been unfairly administered, they can file a grievance through the UPS grievance procedure. This process often begins with discussions between the employee and management, with the option to escalate the issue to the union for formal dispute resolution. Resources such as union representatives and detailed plan documents are available to help employees navigate these disputes under the UPS pension and welfare plans.

With the introduction of new benefit contribution rates in 2024, how do these changes reflect UPS's commitment to its employees' financial futures? In what ways are employees encouraged to participate in decision-making regarding their benefits, and how might this shift impact employee satisfaction and retention rates at UPS?

The new benefit contribution rates introduced by UPS in 2024 reflect the company’s commitment to securing the financial futures of its employees. These changes encourage employees to be more engaged in the decision-making process regarding their benefits, which can lead to greater satisfaction and retention. UPS fosters this involvement by providing clear communication about how benefits are structured and how employees can contribute to their long-term financial health.

For employees looking to enhance their retirement savings beyond the UPS Pension Plan, what additional options are available, such as 401(k) or health savings accounts, and how do these integrate with the retirement benefits provided by UPS? Additionally, how can employees get the most out of these supplemental plans during their working years at UPS?

Beyond the UPS Pension Plan, employees have additional retirement savings options, such as 401(k) plans and health savings accounts (HSAs). These plans complement the pension benefits and allow employees to further enhance their retirement savings during their working years. UPS offers matching contributions for the 401(k), and employees are encouraged to maximize these plans to ensure robust retirement savings.

How does UPS support employees facing long-term disabilities in relation to their pension plans and health care coverage? Can you explain the interaction between long-term disability benefits and retirement benefits, particularly for employees who may leave the workforce earlier than anticipated due to health issues?

For employees facing long-term disabilities, UPS provides both long-term disability benefits and continued healthcare coverage, which are integrated with their pension plans. Employees who leave the workforce early due to health issues can rely on these benefits to maintain financial stability, as the long-term disability benefits help bridge the gap until they reach retirement age and are eligible for pension payments.

For employees seeking more information on their retirement benefits and options available through UPS, what channels are best for contacting the benefits department? Are there specific representatives dedicated to assisting employees with retirement questions to ensure they understand the nuances of their benefits effectively?

UPS employees seeking more information about their retirement benefits can contact the benefits department through designated channels, such as the employee portal or direct phone lines. UPS also provides representatives who specialize in retirement benefits, ensuring employees receive personalized guidance to understand the nuances of their pension plans and other retirement options effectively.

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

UPS offers both a traditional defined benefit pension plan and a defined contribution 401(k) plan. The defined benefit plan includes a cash balance component, where benefits grow based on years of service and compensation, with interest credits added annually. The 401(k) plan offers company matching contributions and various investment options such as target-date funds and mutual funds. UPS also provides financial planning resources and tools to help employees manage their retirement savings.

UPS offers RSUs that vest over time, giving employees shares upon meeting vesting conditions. Stock options are also provided, allowing employees to purchase shares at a fixed price.