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Beyond the 401k Cap: Advanced Retirement Tactics for Century Aluminum Employees

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'By leveraging health savings accounts, Roth conversion pathways, annuities, and intentional asset location, Century Aluminum employees can reduce their lifetime tax burden and establish a diversified suite of retirement income sources.' – Brent Wolf, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

'By thoughtfully combining health savings accounts, Roth conversion strategies, and strategic asset placement, Century Aluminum employees can optimize tax efficiency and bolster their retirement income flexibility.' – Paul Bergeron, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article we will discuss:

Leveraging Health Savings Accounts and tax-advantaged rollovers to extend retirement savings.
Advanced Roth strategies (backdoor and mega backdoor) for high-income earners.
Using annuities and tax-efficient brokerage techniques to diversify and preserve assets.

High-Income Earners’ Advanced Retirement Savings Strategies

Retirement planning presents unique opportunities and challenges for Century Aluminum employees who have reached the IRS limit on 401k contributions or whose income prevents direct Roth IRA funding. To build on strong saving habits and substantial assets, it help to understand alternative techniques that extend tax-advantaged growth beyond traditional workplace plans.

1. Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) as a Long-Term Investment Vehicle

Health Savings Accounts offer a remarkable “triple tax advantage”: contributions reduce taxable income, investment growth is tax-free, and qualified medical withdrawals remain untaxed, making HSAs one of the most efficient savings tools available. Century Aluminum employees enrolled in a high-deductible health plan can contribute up to the 2025 IRS caps—$4,300 for self-only coverage and $8,550 for family coverage, plus a $1,000 catch-up for those 55 and older. ¹ Non-medical withdrawals after age 65 incur ordinary income tax (but no penalty), enhancing flexibility, while premature non-qualified distributions face a 20% penalty, underscoring the need for disciplined planning.

2. The Backdoor Roth IRA: Unlocking Tax-Free Growth

Although direct Roth IRA contributions phase out at higher incomes, Century Aluminum employees can still tap a backdoor Roth IRA by making a non-deductible contribution to a traditional IRA and immediately converting to a Roth. ² The IRS’s pro-rata aggregation rules require careful calculation when you hold other traditional IRAs, as conversions consider the aggregate pre- and after-tax balances, potentially triggering tax liabilities. Given the IRA contribution limit of $7,000 ($8,000 for those age 50 and above), working with a financial advisor can help facilitate smooth execution and manage potential tax on conversions.

3. The Mega Backdoor Roth: Supercharging Roth Savings

For those with eligible employer plans, the “mega backdoor Roth” ³ can significantly boost Roth balances by contributing after-tax dollars above standard 401k limits and then rolling them into a Roth IRA or Roth 401k via in-service distributions. With 2025 combined employee/employer contribution caps of $70,000 (or $77,500 including catch-ups), ⁴ this strategy can create substantial additional tax-free retirement income. Because only about 20% of plans offer the necessary features, confirm with HR whether your Century Aluminum plan supports after-tax contributions and in-service rollovers, and coordinate with advisors to optimize timing and tax efficiency.

4. Tax-Deferred Annuities to Extend Tax-Advantaged Savings

When you’ve exhausted IRAs and employer plans, tax-deferred annuities provide another avenue to shelter earnings from current taxation. Fixed annuities offer a stable interest rate, while variable annuities invest in market-linked subaccounts—allowing reallocation without immediate tax events. ⁵ Although earnings and withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income and early withdrawals before age 59½ may incur a 10% penalty, annuities can include income commitments or death benefits. Before adding an annuity, Century Aluminum employees should evaluate fees, investment options, and the insurer’s strength to confirm alignment with overall retirement goals.

5. Tax-Efficient Techniques in Brokerage Accounts

In addition to having no contribution limits, taxable accounts offer considerable flexibility and asset choice. Century Aluminum employees can enhance after-tax returns by favoring low-turnover ETFs for tax efficiency, selecting tax-managed mutual funds, and using separately managed accounts (SMAs) for bespoke strategies like tax-loss harvesting. Strategic asset location—placing tax-inefficient bonds in IRAs/401ks and tax-efficient equities or municipal bonds in brokerage—can further reduce annual tax drag. ⁶ According to Vanguard, disciplined asset placement can boost after-tax wealth by up to 0.30% per year, ⁷ demonstrating the value of meticulous tax management.

Conclusion

After reaching the contribution limit on your Century Aluminum 401k, advanced tactics such as HSAs, backdoor and mega backdoor Roth IRAs, tax-deferred annuities, and tax-efficient brokerage strategies allow high-income earners to diversify retirement income sources and mitigate lifetime taxes. Staying informed on IRS rules—like the SECURE 2.0 Act’s changes—and using tools such as Qualified Charitable Distributions can further help manage required distributions and Medicare implications. Proactive planning and professional guidance help make every dollar saved work harder for your retirement goals.

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Sources:

1. Internal Revenue Service. ' Revenue Proclamation 2024-25 .' Accessed 31 July 2025.

2. Fidelity Investments. “ Backdoor Roth IRA: Is It Right for You? ” Fidelity Viewpoints, 19 Dec. 2024. Accessed 13 July 2025.

3. MarketWatch. “ This Roth Strategy Lets Elite Savers Stash $70,000 in Their 401(k) in 2025 ,” by Vanessa Wong, 20 Nov. 2024. Accessed 13 July 2025.

4. IRS. ' 401(k) limit increases to $#23,500 for 2025, IRA limit remains $7,000 ,' 1 Nov. 2024. Accessed 31 July 2025.

5. Investopedia. “ Annuities Taxation Explained: What You Need to Know Before Investing ,” by The Investopedia Team, 15 June 2024. Accessed 13 July 2025.

6. Charles Schwab. “ How Asset Location Can Help Save on Taxes ,” by Hayden Adams, 11 Oct. 2024. Accessed 13 July 2025.

7. Vaguard. ' Asset location can lead to lower taxes. Here's how to get more value, ' 16 Aug. 2024. Accessed 31 July 2025.

What type of retirement plan does Century Aluminum offer to its employees?

Century Aluminum offers a 401(k) retirement savings plan to help employees save for their future.

Does Century Aluminum match employee contributions to the 401(k) plan?

Yes, Century Aluminum provides a matching contribution up to a certain percentage of employee contributions to the 401(k) plan.

How can employees enroll in the Century Aluminum 401(k) plan?

Employees can enroll in the Century Aluminum 401(k) plan through the company’s HR portal or by contacting the HR department for assistance.

What is the eligibility requirement to participate in Century Aluminum's 401(k) plan?

Most employees at Century Aluminum are eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan after completing a specified period of service, typically within the first year of employment.

Can employees make changes to their contribution levels in Century Aluminum's 401(k) plan?

Yes, employees can change their contribution levels at any time, subject to the plan’s guidelines.

What investment options are available in the Century Aluminum 401(k) plan?

Century Aluminum offers a range of investment options, including mutual funds, stocks, and bonds, allowing employees to choose based on their risk tolerance and retirement goals.

Is there a vesting schedule for Century Aluminum's 401(k) matching contributions?

Yes, Century Aluminum has a vesting schedule for matching contributions, meaning employees must work for a certain number of years to fully own the employer's contributions.

Can employees take loans against their 401(k) balance at Century Aluminum?

Yes, Century Aluminum allows employees to take loans against their 401(k) balance under certain conditions outlined in the plan.

What happens to my Century Aluminum 401(k) if I leave the company?

If you leave Century Aluminum, you can either cash out your 401(k), roll it over to another retirement account, or leave it in the Century Aluminum plan if you meet the minimum balance requirement.

How often can employees contribute to the Century Aluminum 401(k) plan?

Employees can contribute to the Century Aluminum 401(k) plan through payroll deductions, which occur each pay period.

With the current political climate we are in it is important to keep up with current news and remain knowledgeable about your benefits.

Century Aluminum has announced significant restructuring plans, including layoffs and a reduction in workforce to streamline operations and cut costs. They are also revising their benefit structure and pension plans as part of their restructuring efforts.

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For more information you can reach the plan administrator for Century Aluminum at 1 South Wacker Drive, Suite 1910 Chicago, IL 60606; or by calling them at 1-312-696-3101.