TIAA Employees Working Remotely May Run into These Tax Hurdles

Tax withholding and filing status should be updated for TIAA employees moving to remote work to avoid surprise liabilities, says Brent Wolf, of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement Group.

With remote work continuing to reshape the workforce, TIAA employees need to be aware of their tax obligations across states and having a tax advisor can help with that, says Kevin Landis, of the Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement Group.

What is it that we will discuss here:

1. Tax consequences of working from home including withholding and filing returns in several states.

2. Deductions for remote workers affected by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

3. Considerations for employers with remote workers across states.

This COVID-19 pandemic also forced businesses into remote work and amplified a trend that was already taking place. Even before the pandemic, more Americans worked from home. From 2005 to 2019, more than 216% of all companies worldwide work remotely (GlobalWorkplaceAnalytics.com, 2021). But with millions starting to return to work, telecommuting part-or full-time is becoming standard (McKinsey and Company, 2022). But working from home has its benefits - less commuting and more flexible schedule - but it comes with tax responsibilities. TIAA employees should know about these changes in the workforce and prepare accordingly.

These four tax considerations apply whether you work from home or contract out remote workers for a company like TIAA:

Withholding Tax from Wages Remote working has helped many people relocate to new states in metropolitan areas and smaller cities. This mobility can cause withholding errors if you fail to notify your payroll department of your new home address. And remember that workers must have taxes withheld based on the state's tax rules wherever their employer is located. Not updating your withholding information could mean an unexpected Tax bill or underpayment penalties come Tax Day.

Some states also require that employers withhold taxes from nonresident employees' wages. For example, New York requires employers to withhold state income tax from nonresidents' wages.

Filing Returns in More than One State. In two or more states you may have to file a tax return for each state you work in. It's because many states require nonresident employees to pay state income taxes if they earned money in that state, wherever they lived. A few states even require a tax return if you worked anywhere within their borders - even on a business trip.

Note also that residents or workers of any of the nine U.S. states that do not collect income tax - Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming - will not be required to report their income to that state.

Deducting Business Expenses, The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminated several miscellaneous Tax deductions, including unreimbursed business expenses, through 2025. Therefore, expenses you incur while working from home that are not reimbursed by your employer cannot be deductible on your taxes. In past tax law, workers could deduct some out-of-pocket work-related expenses greater than 2% of adjusted gross income. But that deduction will return in 2026.

In contrast, if you are self-employed, you can still deduct many business expenses on Schedule C of your Form 1040.

We Have Workers in Several States. You own a business in one state but have a remote employee in another state - you may need to register your business in that employee's home state. It involves estimated taxes, tax returns, and other reporting to the state. If this is you, consult a tax professional who knows state and federal tax laws.

To summarize - taxes are complicated - and the trend toward remote work has only added fuel to the fire of understanding your tax obligations as an employee or an employer. For those scenarios that apply to you, we recommend that you speak with a tax advisor about how to best navigate this complex landscape.

It is obvious that remote work has many benefits including flexibility and low cost. It does bring up tax issues, however. Being informed and seeking advice can help people and businesses comply with tax laws and avoid potential problems.

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Research suggests that working from home may benefit older people's mental health. For those nearing retirement age, remote work may reduce stress and increase job satisfaction (University of Michigan, 2022). This finding applies especially to our target audience of 60-year-olds who are TIAA workers about to retire or already-retired retirees. Aware of possible tax issues associated with working from, this group can also protect their financial interests while enjoying less stress and better job satisfaction when approaching retirement age.

Working from home is like going into unknown waters. As with sailing overseas, remote work means more flexibility. But like dangerous seas, there are hidden tax reefs to navigate. Take those tax questions as your personal compass when working from home. Like a seasoned sailor updating charts and course, you need to update your tax withholding and filing methods when you switch to remote work. Doing otherwise may trigger tax storms and financial penalties. Stay alert, hire a tax pro as your first mate, and enjoy your remote work adventure.

Sources:

1. Fregeau, Harrison. 'Personal Income Tax Implications of COVID-19 & Remote Employment.'  Review of Banking & Financial Law , vol. 40, 2021,  www.bu.edu .

2. Pearson, Brian T. 'How the Increase in Remote Employees Due to COVID-19 has Impacted Local Income Tax Revenues for U.S. Cities.'  University of Kentucky , 2023, uknowledge.uky.edu/mpampp_etds/421.

3. 'Charting a New Fiscal Course for Hawaii: Fiscal Architecture Approach.'  UHERO , 2021,  www.uhero.hawaii.edu .

4. 'Remote worker state income tax implications.'  Cornell University Division of Financial Services , 2020, finance.cornell.edu.

5. 'Considering the impact of Remote Work on Income Tax Refunds: Michigan Municipal Governments.'  Michigan State University , 2022,  www.canr.msu.edu .