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University of Missouri Employees: The 4% Rule is Outdated—Here's How to Spend More in Retirement

'University of Missouri employees, by embracing a more diversified retirement portfolio and the updated 4.7% withdrawal rule, can potentially create a sustainable retirement income aligned with today's economic conditions, enabling them to live more comfortably without outliving their savings.' – Wesley Boudreaux, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

'University of Missouri employees can benefit from adopting Bengen's updated 4.7% withdrawal rule, as it provides a more flexible and sustainable approach to retirement planning, allowing them to withdraw larger amounts while still focusing on their long-term financial goals.' – Patrick Ray, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article, we will discuss:

The evolution of the 4% withdrawal rule and its updates.
The importance of diversification in retirement portfolios.
How retirees, especially those at University of Missouri, can benefit from the revised withdrawal strategy.

For many years, both pensioners and financial advisers have debated the idea of a sustainable withdrawal rate for retirement funds. The 4% rule, first proposed by Bill Bengen in 1994, quickly became a key guideline in retirement planning. According to this approach, in the first year of retirement, pensioners could withdraw 4% of their retirement funds; each year after that, the amount would be adjusted for inflation. The goal was simple: help pensioners live for 30 years without depleting their funds. However, after decades of success with this technique, Bengen has recently re-examined his strategy and concluded that retirees may be able to spend more than originally thought.

The 4% Rule’s Evolution

The financial community quickly embraced Bengen's original study after its publication in the Journal of Financial Planning in 1994. Using a straightforward portfolio of U.S. large-company equities and U.S. 5-year bonds, Bengen offered a simple method for pensioners to determine how much they could withdraw from their retirement savings. However, even as the 4% rule gained popularity, it overlooked important factors like inflation rates, asset allocation, and market volatility—issues that could arise in retirement.

By 2022, Bengen revisited his decades-old guideline. After a long career of studying retirement planning, he experienced what he called a 'breakthrough moment.' Instead of viewing stock returns as the primary factor in withdrawal rate calculations, Bengen realized that inflation should be given more weight. Consequently, he revised the 4% rule, raising the withdrawal rate to 4.7%. This change accounts for a more diversified portfolio and a broader mix of asset classes, offering retirees a more sustainable and generous approach.

Introducing the New 4.7% Rule

Under the updated approach, a retiree with $1 million in savings could withdraw $47,000 in their first year of retirement. This amount would then be adjusted for inflation in subsequent years, just as in the original 4% rule. However, the key change lies in asset allocation. The original rule was based on a basic stock and bond portfolio, while Bengen's revised model includes a diverse mix of asset classes such as international equities, bonds, small-cap stocks, and large-cap U.S. stocks. With this diversification, the 4.7% rule is considered a “worst-case scenario” for retirees hoping to avoid exhausting their funds within 30 years.

The Importance of Diversification

Bengen’s updated approach is backed by years of research and portfolio optimization. The more diversified portfolio—comprising U.S. stocks, foreign equities, bonds, and small-cap stocks—aims to offer greater stability. Bengen’s findings show that, under certain conditions, retirees could withdraw as much as 7% of their savings annually, especially if their portfolios were well-diversified. However, Bengen's study also emphasized the importance of rebalancing your portfolio regularly to align with your financial goals and risk tolerance as a retiree.

For those at University of Missouri, this revised withdrawal rate carries real implications. With the 4.7% rule, you can notionally spend more during retirement without depleting your funds—provided your portfolio is well-diversified. Given the changing financial landscape, Bengen believes retirees today, even those from large corporations like University of Missouri, may be able to withdraw between 5.25% and 5.5%, particularly in times of moderate inflation and high market valuations.

A Historical Perspective on the 4% Rule

Despite its appeal, the original 4% rule wasn’t without flaws. Bengen’s initial model didn’t account for prolonged low interest rates, market crashes, or long stretches of low inflation, all of which could impact a retiree’s financial stability. In response, Bengen began to expand his research and include more types of assets to increase stability.

His updated model showed that retirees who retired during economic downturns, like in the 1970s, needed to take a more cautious approach to withdrawals. In such circumstances, a 4.7% withdrawal rate would have been the most prudent option. On the other hand, retirees who experienced more stable financial times could comfortably withdraw around 7% of their savings. This illustrates how critical it is to account for the state of the economy when planning for retirement.

Adapting to Today's Economic Climate

The economic climate today is vastly different from the turbulent 1970s. Inflation is coming back under control, and stock market valuations are high. According to Bengen’s latest research, retirees today can potentially withdraw between 5.25% and 5.5% of their savings each year, depending on market conditions. This adjustment makes sure that retirees maintain their purchasing power and enjoy a fulfilling retirement over the long term.

Even with the current market conditions, Bengen remains cautious. Given the high market valuations, he advises retirees, including those working for large companies like University of Missouri, to remain mindful. While the 4.7% rule might still be a reliable option in the long run, it’s crucial for retirees to diversify their holdings and periodically revisit their withdrawal plans.

A Shift in Perspective

Bengen’s updated strategy might seem bold or controversial to those who have relied on the 4% rule for decades. After all, the 4% rule became a widely accepted approach, praised for its reliability and simplicity. However, Bengen believes in challenging long-held assumptions to improve financial planning, which includes adapting strategies to reflect changing market conditions. He encourages open discussions and critical thinking about retirement strategies, as this will ultimately lead to better planning and more financial independence for retirees.

In Conclusion

Bengen’s revised 4.7% rule offers retirees, including those at University of Missouri, a more generous and adaptable framework for managing retirement funds. By diversifying portfolios, rebalancing regularly, and staying attuned to current economic conditions, retirees can potentially take out larger withdrawals without fearing their money will run out too soon. While the 4% rule still holds historical value, it’s time for retirement strategies to evolve, reflecting the changing economic landscape. This updated strategy empowers retirees to live with greater financial independence and potentially enjoy a higher standard of living during retirement.

Research by the Financial Planning Association (FPA) also highlights how diversification can help enhance retirement stability. Incorporating alternative assets like commodities, bonds, and real estate into traditional portfolios can help retirees manage risk and maintain higher withdrawal rates. By diversifying, retirees may be better able to support their financial well-being, even during periods of economic uncertainty.

University of Missouri employees can now benefit from a more sustainable retirement withdrawal strategy thanks to Bengen’s 4.7% rule. The updated approach allows retirees to withdraw more money each year, benefiting from better asset diversification and a more comprehensive understanding of current market dynamics. It’s time to adjust your retirement strategy to reflect the current economy—so you can enjoy a more independent and fulfilling retirement.

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Sources:

1. The Wealth Advisor Staff. 'The 4% Rule Creator Reveals the New Safe Retirement Withdrawal Rate.' The Wealth Advisor, April 2025.

2. 'Diversify or Risk Running Dry: 12 Additional Income Streams For Your Retirement.' Investopedia, May 2025.

3. Kiplinger Staff. 'Why Keeping Growth in Your Portfolio After 70 Is Crucial for Your Financial Health.' Kiplinger, June 2025.

4. Financial Planning Association. 'Retirement Withdrawals: The 4% Rule Has Gotten a Boost.' YouTube, March 2025.

5. Nasdaq Staff. 'The Importance of Diversifying Your Retirement Portfolio.' Nasdaq, July 2025.

How does the eligibility criteria for the Defined Benefit Retirement Plan at the University of Missouri System differ for Level One and Level Two members, particularly in regard to their hire or rehire dates?

Eligibility Criteria for Level One and Level Two Members: Level One members are employees hired before October 1, 2012, or those rehired before October 1, 2019, who had earned a vested benefit but did not receive a lump sum. Level Two members are those hired or rehired between October 1, 2012, and October 1, 2019, without eligibility for Level One benefits. Employees hired after October 1, 2019, do not accrue service credit under the DB Plan(University of Missouri …).

In what ways do service credits accumulated at the University of Missouri System impact an employee's retirement benefits, and how can employees ensure that they effectively maximize their service credit over the years?

Impact of Service Credits on Retirement Benefits: Service credits are critical in calculating retirement benefits at the University of Missouri System. Employees accumulate service credits based on their years of service, which directly affect their pension calculations. Maximizing service credits involves consistent full-time employment without breaks, as any leave of absence or part-time status may impact the total service credits earned(University of Missouri …)(University of Missouri …).

What are the various options available to employees at the University of Missouri System for receiving their retirement benefits upon reaching normal retirement age, and how do these options influence long-term financial planning for retirement?

Retirement Benefit Options: Upon reaching normal retirement age, employees can choose between a Single Life Annuity or a Joint and Survivor Annuity, both with options for lump-sum payments of 10%, 20%, or 30% of the actuarial present value. These choices influence monthly payout amounts, and selecting a lump sum reduces future monthly benefits proportionally(University of Missouri …).

With respect to the University of Missouri System's Defined Benefit Plan, how are employees' contributions structured, and what implications does this have for their overall retirement savings strategy?

Employee Contributions: Employees contribute 1% of their salary up to $50,000 and 2% for earnings beyond that threshold. This structure helps fund the DB Plan, with the University covering the majority of the cost. Employees need to factor in these contributions as part of their overall retirement savings strategy(University of Missouri …).

How can employees at the University of Missouri System assess their eligibility for early retirement benefits, and what considerations should be taken into account when planning for an early retirement?

Early Retirement Eligibility: Employees may retire early if they meet specific criteria: at least 10 years of service credit for ages 55–60 or at least 5 years of service credit for ages 60–65. Early retirees will receive a reduced benefit to account for the longer payout period(University of Missouri …).

What tax implications should employees of the University of Missouri System be aware of when it comes to distributions from their retirement plans, and how can they effectively navigate these implications?

Tax Implications of Retirement Plan Distributions: Distributions from the University of Missouri System’s DB Plan are subject to federal taxes. Employees can mitigate tax burdens by electing to roll over lump-sum distributions to a qualified retirement account, such as an IRA, to avoid immediate tax liability(University of Missouri …).

What are the policies regarding the continuation of benefits for employees who leave the University of Missouri System, particularly for those who are not vested or are classified as non-vested members?

Non-Vested Employee Policies: Employees who leave the University before vesting in the DB Plan (fewer than 5 years of service) are not eligible for retirement benefits but can receive a refund of their contributions. These non-vested employees must decide whether to receive their refunded contributions as a lump sum or through a rollover to another retirement account(University of Missouri …).

How might changes in employment status, such as taking a leave of absence or returning to work after a break, affect the service credit calculation for an employee at the University of Missouri System?

Impact of Employment Status Changes on Service Credit: Employees who take leaves of absence or return after breaks in employment may experience reductions in service credit. However, certain types of leave, such as military service or medical leave, may allow employees to continue earning service credit(University of Missouri …)(University of Missouri …).

In the event of an employee's death prior to retirement, what benefits are available to their survivors under the University of Missouri System's Defined Benefit Plan, and how can members ensure their wishes are respected?

Survivor Benefits: In the event of an employee’s death before retirement, survivors may be eligible for either a lump sum or monthly payments. Employees can designate beneficiaries to ensure that their wishes are honored, providing financial protection for dependents(University of Missouri …).

How can an employee at the University of Missouri System contact the Human Resources Service Center to obtain personalized assistance regarding their retirement options and any inquiries related to their retirement plan details? These questions require detailed answers and are designed to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of retirement processes and options for employees of the University of Missouri System.

Contacting HR for Assistance: Employees can contact the Human Resources Service Center for personalized assistance regarding their retirement options by emailing hrservicecenter@umsystem.edu or visiting the myHR portal for further details(University of Missouri …).