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What is a Cash Balance Plan and How Does it Work for Northern Trust Employees?

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'Cash balance plans can provide Northern Trust employees with a unique opportunity to grow their retirement savings through tax-deferred contributions and higher contribution limits, offering an important strategy for those looking to enhance their financial future.' – Wesley Boudreaux, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

'Cash balance plans can offer Northern Trust employees a powerful tool to build substantial retirement savings with the added benefit of employer-managed investments, promoting a more secure financial future for high-income workers.' – Patrick Ray, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article, we will discuss:

What a cash balance plan is and how it works.
The key benefits and limitations of cash balance plans.
How these plans compare to traditional retirement vehicles like 401ks.

Among the various retirement plan options available today, cash balance plans are becoming better known as a useful instrument for high earners, particularly those employed by large corporations like Northern Trust. These plans offer significant advantages to those who want to save more than standard retirement vehicles like 401ks or individual retirement accounts (IRAs) allow because they combine features of defined-benefit and defined-contribution plans.

A Cash Balance Plan: What Is It?

A cash balance plan is a type of defined-benefit pension plan in which benefits are represented as an account balance. The primary distinction between it and a defined-contribution plan, such as a 401k, is how the account is funded and maintained, even though it functions similarly. Employer contributions to each participant's account are made annually under a cash balance plan, which offers two different kinds of credits: interest credits and pay credits. Over time, these contributions build up, providing the worker with a predetermined account amount when they retire.

For example, an employee may decide to convert a $500,000 cash balance account into an annuity upon retirement, which would provide a consistent income stream for the duration of their retirement. To continue tax-deferred growth, they can also take a lump sum payment and roll it over into an IRA or another employer-sponsored retirement plan.

Cash balance plans are subject to annual inflation-adjusted contribution restrictions set by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). A participant who is 62 years of age or older may accumulate up to $3.6 million in their cash balance plan by 2025. This makes it a desirable choice for individuals looking to signficantly grow their retirement savings due to its high cap.

In this article, we will discuss:

What a cash balance plan is and how it works.
The key benefits and limitations of cash balance plans.
How these plans compare to traditional retirement vehicles like 401ks.

A Cash Balance Plan: What Is It?

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Limits on Contributions and Comparison to Conventional Plans

Contribution caps offered by cash balance plans in 2025 are significantly higher than those of 401k plans. While 401ks will require a catch-up contribution of $11,250 for employees aged 60 to 63, cash balance plans offer more flexibility in terms of contribution limitations, especially for high-income earners. These caps often surpass the contribution limits of conventional retirement plans by many times, but they can change depending on variables like age, income, and work history.

Principal Benefits of Cash Balance Plans

1. Tax-deferred growth: Cash balance plan contributions are tax-deferred, which reduces taxable income and provides immediate tax benefits. Participants can build money for retirement and save more on taxes as a result.
2. High contribution limits: Cash balance plans, which are especially advantageous for high-income individuals or those wishing to increase their retirement savings later in their careers, allow contributions far greater than the 401k plan limits.
3. Rollover flexibility: Participants can transfer their cash balance funds into an IRA or another retirement plan when they retire, giving them greater control over how they manage their retirement assets and allowing for ongoing tax-deferred growth.
4. Employer-managed investments: Cash balance programs shift the investment risk to the employer, as opposed to 401k plans, where the employee bears this responsibility. Employees at Northern Trust, who might not have the time or background to handle their own retirement plans, can feel more at ease knowing the employer manages this process.
5. Federal protection: The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) provides federal protection for benefits under cash balance plans, offering an additional layer of assurance.

Possible Drawbacks to Cash Balance Plans

1. Restricted availability: Compared to other retirement plan options, cash balance plans are less accessible. These plans are typically offered by large companies, like Northern Trust, and may not be available at smaller firms or those without similar pension offerings.
2. Taxation on distributions: Employees will pay taxes on distributions even though contributions are tax-deferred. If the account has grown substantially, this could result in a larger tax obligation upon retirement.
3. Best for high-income workers: Cash balance plans are especially beneficial for high-income workers due to their large contribution limits. The advantages of these plans may not be as noticeable for individuals with lower incomes.
4. Complexity: People who are unfamiliar with pension plan arrangements may find it challenging to understand cash balance plans. It is often recommended to consult a financial advisor to navigate the intricacies and confirm the plan aligns with long-term retirement goals.

In Conclusion

Cash balance plans offer a unique and effective means for Northern Trust employees to build up sizable retirement funds. These plans combine elements of defined-benefit and defined-contribution plans, offering significant tax-deferred contributions, excellent federal protection, and a high degree of investment management assurance.

Although typically available at larger companies like Northern Trust, cash balance plans are particularly suitable for high-income earners who are looking to enhance their retirement funds. Despite their complexity, for those who qualify, these plans present an attractive option due to their potential for significant retirement accumulation. They can serve as an effective tool for securing a comfortable retirement, whether used alone or in conjunction with other retirement vehicles.

Before determining whether a cash balance plan is the best option for your financial future, it is essential to comprehend the precise terms, conditions, and tax ramifications, just like with any other retirement plan. You may confirm that your retirement plan aligns with your long-term goals and objectives by speaking with a financial advisor.

Cash balance plans may provide Northern Trust employees with a dependable source of retirement income, especially for those nearing retirement. These plans allow participants to begin collecting benefits as early as age 55, compared to other retirement savings options that require waiting until age 59½ to access funds without penalties. This flexibility, combined with the plan’s high contribution limits and tax benefits, makes cash balance plans a desirable choice for employees looking to improve their retirement strategy.

By combining features of both defined-benefit and defined-contribution plans, a cash balance plan is an effective retirement savings tool. With its larger contribution limits, government guarantees, and tax-deferred growth, it offers a dependable means for employees at Northern Trust to build significant retirement savings. Explore the advantages and challenges of this growing retirement plan today and consider how it can boost your long-term financial wellbeing.

Sources:

1. Tergesen, Anne. 'The Retirement-Savings Weapon Doctors and Lawyers Use to Build Wealth.' Wall Street Journal , 14 Mar. 2025, www.wsj.com/personal-finance/retirement/cash-balance-plans-retirement-high-earners-71bfed2e?utm_source=chatgpt.com .

2. Chubb, Chad. 'Cash Balance Plan Explained: Maximize Tax Savings and Build Wealth.' WealthKeel , 10 Apr. 2025, www.wealthkeel.com/blog/cash-balance-plan-retirement/?utm_source=chatgpt.com .

3. 'Cash Balance Pension Plans: A Complete Guide.' October Three , 10 months ago, www.octoberthree.com/articles/cash-balance-pension-plans-a-complete-guide/?utm_source=chatgpt.com .

4. 'Cash Balance Plan vs. 401(k): A Simple Comparison.' Emparion , 7 months ago, www.emparion.com/cash-balance-plan-vs-401k/?utm_source=chatgpt.com .

5. 'Cash Balance Pension Plans: A Complete Guide.' October Three , 10 months ago, www.octoberthree.com/articles/cash-balance-pension-plans-a-complete-guide/?utm_source=chatgpt.com .

What is the 401(k) plan offered by Northern Trust?

The 401(k) plan at Northern Trust is a retirement savings plan that allows employees to contribute a portion of their salary on a pre-tax basis, which can grow tax-deferred until withdrawal.

How does Northern Trust match employee contributions to the 401(k) plan?

Northern Trust offers a matching contribution to the 401(k) plan, which typically matches a percentage of the employee's contributions, up to a certain limit.

Can employees at Northern Trust choose their investment options within the 401(k) plan?

Yes, employees at Northern Trust can select from a variety of investment options within the 401(k) plan to tailor their retirement savings according to their risk tolerance and financial goals.

What is the vesting schedule for Northern Trust's 401(k) matching contributions?

The vesting schedule for Northern Trust's 401(k) matching contributions typically follows a graded vesting model, where employees earn ownership of the matching contributions over a specified period.

At what age can employees at Northern Trust start withdrawing from their 401(k) plan?

Employees at Northern Trust can generally begin withdrawing from their 401(k) plan without penalties at age 59½, although they may also access funds earlier under certain circumstances.

Does Northern Trust offer a loan option against the 401(k) savings plan?

Yes, Northern Trust allows employees to take loans against their 401(k) savings plan, subject to specific terms and conditions outlined in the plan documents.

What should employees at Northern Trust do if they want to change their 401(k) contribution amount?

Employees at Northern Trust can change their 401(k) contribution amount by accessing the benefits portal or contacting the HR department for assistance.

Are there any fees associated with Northern Trust's 401(k) plan?

Yes, Northern Trust's 401(k) plan may have certain fees associated with investment options and plan administration, which are disclosed in the plan documents.

How often can employees at Northern Trust change their investment allocations in the 401(k) plan?

Employees at Northern Trust can typically change their investment allocations in the 401(k) plan at any time, subject to the plan's specific rules and guidelines.

What educational resources does Northern Trust provide for employees regarding the 401(k) plan?

Northern Trust offers various educational resources, including workshops, online tools, and one-on-one consultations, to help employees understand and maximize their 401(k) savings.