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Are Harvard Employees Prepared for Potential Tax Changes Ahead?

As the environment changes with the coming end of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Harvard employees must navigate these changes strategically,' says Brent Wolf of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement Group. 'It is therefore important to consider Roth conversions, tax-loss harvesting, and estate planning in order to maintain financial health in the changing tax environment.'

The author of this paper agrees that Harvard employees who are likely to be affected by the possible change in tax laws should make it a point to meet their financial advisors to see how they can be best prepared for the future,' suggests Kevin Landis from The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement Group. 'Some of the strategies that may be useful in the current environment and which may become particularly valuable as the tax laws change include Roth conversions and tax-loss harvesting.'

In this article we will discuss:

The effects that the upcoming 2024 elections may have on Harvard employees in relation to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
Strategic financial moves such as Roth conversions, tax-loss harvesting, and gifting to minimize tax exposures in wait of possible tax reforms.
The role of personal financial planning in the context of potential legislative modifications and their implications for retirement planning.

As the 2024 elections draw near, Harvard employees need to know that there are certain changes that may happen in the financial system. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) passed in 2017 and will expire at the end of 2025 is still a debate now. This legislation made a lot of changes to the tax code through increasing the standard deduction, reducing the top tax rate, expanding tax brackets, and restricting the deduction of state and local taxes (SALT) and mortgage interest. It also raised the federal gift and estate tax exemption thresholds.

During the campaign, President Biden has indicated that many of the cuts implemented by the TCJA should not be extended when they expire. On the other hand, former President Trump has proposed to continue some of the provisions of the act, the details of which are still under negotiation. This is because Congress will have a major say in the decisions that will be made.

Harvard employees who are thinking about tax strategies may want to consider the following strategies in light of possible higher taxes:

Conversions to Roth:

Moving your 401(k) or IRA to a Roth 401(k) or Roth IRA may be advantageous if you anticipate higher taxes. This move allows for tax-free growth and distributions, controlling taxes in case of higher future taxes. Unlike other Roth conversions, the “backdoor” Roth entails contributing nondeductible amounts to a traditional IRA and then converting to a Roth IRA.

Tax Losses:

If you expect to pay more in capital gains taxes, you can sell losing investments and replace them with like investments to offset gains and thus reduce your taxes. The balance can be used to reduce taxable income up to $3,000 each year, any remaining loss being carried forward.

Gifting and Estate Planning:

The limits of estate taxes are expected to drop greatly in 2024, thus gifting becomes more important. With the annual gift tax exemption being increased to $18,000, there are now ways to decrease the value of the estate and gift it without incurring any tax. It is crucial to document everything, particularly if the gift is larger than the stated limit.

Qualified Longevity Annuities (QLACs):

QLACs are perfect for deferring income up to the age of 85 that may help to address potential future higher tax brackets. Qualified retirement plans include those that fund the QLAC, which defers taxation until distributions are made and are not reportable as required minimum distributions, with a limitation of $200,000.

In this context, it is crucial for the Harvard employees to get ready for the possible changes in the tax laws. Some of the current strategies include Roth conversions, tax-loss harvesting, and strategic gifting, which are very useful based on the current laws. This is because the situation is different for every single Harvard employee, and therefore the advice of a tax or financial expert is crucial as we head into the election season.

The Secure Act 2.0, which took effect in December 2022, also affects those near retirement age. This act increased the age of RMDs from retirement accounts, allowing for more tax deferred growth and possibly assistance in managing taxes in higher brackets. Review tactical financial planning in light of the impending sunset of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

The opportunities that can be explored based on the understanding of Roth conversions, tax-loss harvesting, estate planning, and the benefits of Qualified Longevity Annuity Contracts (QLACs) are encountered in an attempt to maximize your retirement funds in light of potential tax increases. It is advisable to stay informed and proactive to protect your financial position as the 2024 elections may impact healthcare, taxes, and the overall economy.

IRA traditional account owners should consider certain pros and cons of converting their accounts to Roth IRA. The major ones include paying taxes on the amount being converted at the time of conversion, the rules on withdrawals from a Roth IRA, and the age and annual contribution limits on contributing to a Roth IRA. For instance, if you are required to take a RMD in the year that you convert, you must take it before converting to a Roth IRA. The following is an investment risk statement:

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Sources:

1. Investopedia: 'What Is the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA)?' Investopedia, www.investopedia.com . Accessed 4 Feb. 2025.

2. Thrivent: 'TCJA Set to Expire: Tax Moves to Consider if You're Nearing or in Retirement.' Thrivent, 20 Feb. 2024, www.thrivent.com . Accessed 4 Feb. 2025.

3. Pacific Life Annuities: 'Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Sunset Provisions after 2025.' Pacific Life Annuities, www.annuities.pacificlife.com . Accessed 4 Feb. 2025.

4. J.P. Morgan Asset Management: Conrath, Michael, and Steve Rubino. '2024 Guide to Retirement.' J.P. Morgan Asset Management, 6 Mar. 2024, am.jpmorgan.com.

5. Waverly Advisors: 'Preparing for the Expiration of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA).' Waverly Advisors, waverly-advisors.com. Accessed 4 Feb. 2025.

What are the key distribution options available to employees at Harvard University upon retirement, and how do these options differ regarding tax implications? Employees should understand both the annuity options and lump-sum distributions available under the Harvard University Retirement Plan, as these can significantly affect their financial outcomes in retirement. Harvard University provides various choices depending on the lump-sum value, and it's essential to analyze each choice carefully to maximize retirement benefits.

Key Distribution Options: Upon retirement, Harvard University employees can choose between a lump-sum distribution, a rollover to another retirement account, or an annuity with different options, including a single-life annuity or joint and survivor annuity(Harvard University Reti…). Lump-sum payments may lead to immediate tax liabilities, while annuity options offer more tax-deferred growth(Harvard University Reti…).

How does the choice of an annuity payment method impact the long-term financial security of retirees at Harvard University? Employees need to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of single life versus joint and survivor annuities, considering not only their own financial needs but also those of potential beneficiaries. The decision can affect monthly income levels and the benefits passed on to surviving partners or dependents.

Impact of Annuity Payment Method: Choosing a single-life annuity maximizes monthly payments but provides no benefits after the retiree’s death. A joint and survivor annuity reduces monthly payments but ensures ongoing income for a surviving spouse or beneficiary, offering more long-term financial security for both parties(Harvard University Reti…).

What specific conditions must be met for a retired employee of Harvard University to elect the Consolidated Harvard Annuity Option (CHAO), and what benefits might this offer? Understanding the eligibility criteria for CHAO and its implications on retirement planning will help employees make informed decisions. The CHAO allows for a potential increase in annuity benefits, but there are specific deadlines and requirements that participants must adhere to.

Consolidated Harvard Annuity Option (CHAO): To elect the CHAO, employees must terminate their employment after April 30, 2006, and have a Basic Retirement Account balance exceeding $1,000. They must elect the CHAO within 60 days of termination to exchange their investment account for a higher annuity(Harvard University Reti…)(Harvard University Reti…).

How can employees at Harvard University ensure that they have properly designated beneficiaries within their retirement plans, and what are the ramifications of failing to do so? The importance of keeping beneficiary designations up to date cannot be overstated, as it impacts how benefits are distributed upon the participantâ€™s death. Employees must familiarize themselves with the required forms and the potential consequences of having outdated or incorrect designations.

Beneficiary Designations: Employees should ensure their beneficiary designations are up to date by completing the appropriate forms. Failure to do so could result in benefits being distributed according to marital status or to unintended recipients(Harvard University Reti…).

In what ways do the spousal consent rules affect the retirement options for married employees of Harvard University, and why is this a critical aspect to consider when planning for retirement? Understanding the spousal consent requirements is vital for retirees since failing to adhere to these regulations can lead to unintended consequences, including issues related to benefit disbursement. Employees should seek to navigate these requirements carefully to secure their desired benefit structure.

Spousal Consent Rules: Married employees must obtain spousal consent, witnessed by a notary or plan representative, if they choose a retirement distribution option that does not provide survivor benefits to their spouse(Harvard University Reti…). Failure to adhere to these rules can result in complications with benefit disbursement(Harvard University Reti…).

How does the $1,000 threshold affect retirement distribution choices for employees retiring from Harvard University, and what specific options are available once this threshold is considered? Employees need to be informed about the options that arise based on the value of their Basic Retirement Account when making distribution decisions. Knowing whether an annuity or lump-sum option is available can significantly influence retirement planning and benefits.

$1,000 Threshold: If an employee's Basic Retirement Account value is $1,000 or less, they must take a lump-sum payment or rollover, as annuity options are unavailable. The lump-sum is subject to tax withholding unless rolled over(Harvard University Reti…).

What steps should employees at Harvard University take if they wish to defer their retirement distributions, and what factors should they consider before making this decision? Deferring distributions can offer various tax advantages and impact retirement income strategies. Employees should evaluate their financial situations, anticipate future needs, and understand the timelines involved in the deferment process to make sound choices.

Deferring Distributions: Employees can defer their distributions until the April 1st following the year they turn 70½. Deferring can offer tax advantages and allow time for the value of retirement funds to grow(Harvard University Reti…).

What are the consequences of electing a lump-sum distribution from a retirement account at Harvard University, particularly in terms of immediate and long-term tax implications? Employees considering a lump-sum distribution must recognize that such options can lead to significant tax liabilities and potential penalties, especially if improperly managed. A thorough understanding of these financial repercussions can aid in making choices that align with retirement goals.

Lump-Sum Distribution Consequences: Opting for a lump-sum distribution can result in substantial tax liabilities, including early withdrawal penalties if under age 59½. However, rolling the distribution into another retirement account can mitigate tax impacts(Harvard University Reti…).

How can employees contact the Harvard University Retirement Center to learn more about their retirement plan options, and what information should they prepare before reaching out? Understanding how to access information and ask the right questions is crucial for employees looking to navigate their retirement options effectively. Having personal details and specific inquiries ready when contacting the Harvard University Retirement Center will facilitate a more productive dialogue.

Contacting the Retirement Center: Employees can reach the Harvard University Retirement Center at 800-527-1398 for information. They should have their pension statement, retirement account details, and any specific questions prepared(Harvard University Reti…).

What should employees at Harvard University consider when choosing whether to roll over their retirement benefits into another employer's retirement plan or an IRA? The decision to roll over retirement benefits comes with various implications, including investment choices, fees, and the overall management of retirement funds. An in-depth understanding of the pros and cons of rollover options will empower employees to make informed decisions that best suit their financial futures.

Rollover Options: Rolling over retirement benefits into another employer’s plan or an IRA allows employees to maintain tax-deferred growth. It is crucial to compare fees, investment options, and withdrawal rules before making a decision(Harvard University Reti…).