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7 IRA Strategies and Tax Rules Union Pacific Employees May Be Overlooking

“Union Pacific employees who take the time to understand evolving IRA contribution limits, spousal opportunities, and conversion rules are often better positioned to coordinate personal savings with workplace retirement benefits. I encourage individuals to review these strategies within the context of their broader retirement and estate planning goals while consulting a qualified tax advisor for guidance tailored to their specific situation.” – Wesley Boudreaux, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

“Union Pacific employees who carefully evaluate IRA contribution limits, spousal strategies, and conversion considerations can create stronger alignment between their personal savings and employer-sponsored benefits. I encourage individuals to view these IRA decisions as part of a coordinated retirement and estate planning framework while consulting a qualified tax professional for guidance specific to their circumstances.” – Patrick Ray, a representative of The Retirement Group, a division of Wealth Enhancement.

In this article, we will discuss:

Key IRA contribution rules and annual limits for 2026.
Strategic considerations such as spousal IRAs, SEP IRAs, and Roth conversions.
Special IRA situations involving alimony, children with earned income, and income phase-outs.

Seven Frequently Ignored Facts About IRAs for Union Pacific Employees

Many Union Pacific employees begin thinking about IRA contributions while completing their tax forms and reviewing potential deductions. Whether you participate in company-sponsored retirement benefits or contribute independently, understanding how IRAs fit into your overall strategy can help you evaluate additional planning opportunities.

You might be unaware of a few things regarding IRAs. These are seven facts that are frequently forgotten.

1. An IRA Can Be Opened and Funded by a Nonworking Spouse

A spouse who does not receive a salary can still save for retirement. If you file a joint federal income tax return and one spouse earns taxable compensation, the nonworking spouse can open and contribute to their own traditional or Roth IRA. ¹

The deductible amount of a traditional IRA contribution may be limited based on income if the working spouse participates in an employer-sponsored retirement plan.

The total annual contribution cap for Roth and traditional IRAs in 2026 is $7,500. A catch-up contribution of $1,100 is permitted for individuals age 50 and older. ¹

Combined IRA contributions for both spouses cannot exceed the taxable income reported on the joint return.

2. You Can Still Contribute Even If You Are Not Eligible for a Deduction

Your traditional IRA contribution may not be deductible if your modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds and you participate in a company retirement plan such as a 401(k) or 403(b). ²

However, nondeductible contributions may still allow earnings to grow on a tax-deferred basis until withdrawal. ²

Assets from a traditional IRA may also be converted to a Roth IRA. ³ Conversions are permitted regardless of income level, although income taxes may apply depending on the amount converted.

3. Alimony May Not Count as Taxable Compensation for IRA Contributions

Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, alimony payments from divorce or separation agreements signed on or after January 1, 2019 are not deductible to the payer and are not taxable income to the recipient. ⁴

Because IRA contributions must be based on taxable compensation, post-2018 alimony typically does not qualify.

Agreements signed before January 1, 2019 are generally grandfathered under prior rules unless formally modified.

4. Self-Employed? Consider a SEP IRA

If you have consulting income, freelance work, or a side business, you may be eligible to establish a Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRA.

SEP IRA contributions are generally made by the employer and may qualify as business deductions. Contribution limits are substantially higher than traditional or Roth IRAs.

Self-employed individuals may contribute up to 25% of qualified compensation, subject to IRS calculation guidelines. IRS Publication 560 includes worksheets for determining limits.

To make contributions for a given tax year, a SEP IRA typically must be established by the tax filing deadline, including extensions.

5. Catch-Up Contributions for Individuals Over Age 50

Individuals age 50 or older may make additional catch-up contributions to a traditional or Roth IRA.

The catch-up amount for 2026 is $1,100, with future adjustments indexed for inflation.

6. A Child Can Contribute to a Roth IRA if They Have Earned Income

A minor with taxable earned income may contribute to a Roth IRA up to the annual limit or the amount of earned income for the year, whichever is less.

Qualified retirement accounts such as IRAs are generally not counted as assets for purposes of determining the Student Aid Index (SAI) on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), although withdrawals may affect income calculations. ⁵

7. You May Still Access Roth IRA Benefits Even if You Exceed Income Limits

A Roth IRA offers potential advantages such as tax-free qualified withdrawals and no required minimum distributions for the original account holder.

Although income limits restrict direct Roth IRA contributions, individuals may convert assets from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA regardless of income.

IRS pro-rata rules require that all traditional, SEP, and SIMPLE IRA balances be considered when determining the taxable amount. Accurate tracking of after-tax contributions requires proper reporting, including Form 8606.

Because conversion strategies can involve complex tax considerations, reviewing your personal situation with a qualified tax professional may be helpful.

Support for Your Retirement Planning

For Union Pacific employees evaluating how IRAs coordinate with workplace retirement benefits, understanding contribution limits, conversion rules, and spousal planning opportunities can play an important role in a broader retirement strategy.

The Retirement Group can assist you in evaluating how these IRA rules align with your long-term goals. If you have questions about retirement planning, you can speak with a representative by calling (800) 900-5867 .

Disclosure: Traditional IRA account owners have considerations to make before performing a Roth IRA conversion. These primarily include income tax consequences on the converted amount in the year of conversion, withdrawal limitations from a Roth IRA, and income limitations for future contributions to a Roth IRA. In addition, if you are required to take a required minimum distribution (RMD) in the year you convert, you must do so before converting to a Roth IRA.

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Articles you may find interesting:

Sources:

1. 'Retirement topics - IRA contribution limits.' IRS, 3 Mar. 2026. https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/plan-participant-employee/retirement-topics-ira-contribution-limits

2. “IRA Contribution Limits for 2025 and 2026.” Fidelity Learn, Fidelity Investments, 26 Jan. 2026, www.fidelity.com/learning-center/smart-money/ira-contribution-limits .

3. Traditional IRA account owners have considerations to make before performing a Roth IRA conversion. These primarily
include income tax consequences on the converted amount in the year of conversion, withdrawal limitations from a
Roth IRA, and income limitations for future contributions to a Roth IRA. In addition, if you are required to take a required
minimum distribution (RMD) in the year you convert, you must do so before converting to a Roth IRA. Investing involves
risk, including possible loss of principal.

4. 'Divorce or separation may have an effect on taxes,' IRS Tax Reform Tax Tip, July 8, 2019. https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/divorce-or-separation-may-have-an-effect-on-taxes

5. 'How 6 Different Assets Can Affect Your FAFSA and Financial Aid Eligibility.' Saving for College, by Jeffrey Trull. Jan. 15, 2026. https://www.savingforcollege.com/article/how-7-different-assets-can-affect-your-financial-aid-eligibility

What are the specific eligibility requirements for employees of Union Pacific Corporation to participate in the pension plan, and how might these requirements evolve as IRS regulations change? Understanding how Union Pacific Corporation aligns its eligibility criteria with broader IRS regulations can help employees assess their own eligibility for the pension plan, particularly in light of any new IRS guidelines issued for 2024.

Eligibility Requirements for Pension Plan Participation: Eligibility to participate in the Union Pacific Corporation pension plan is governed by specific criteria set forth in the plan documents. As of January 1, 2018, the plan was closed to new participants, meaning individuals hired on or after this date are not eligible. For existing employees, eligibility to accrue benefits continued provided they were active participants as of December 31, 2017, and remained in covered employment. Changes in IRS regulations could potentially alter these eligibility criteria by requiring adjustments to maintain compliance with legal standards, potentially affecting who can accrue benefits in the future.

How does Union Pacific Corporation calculate an employee's final average compensation for pension benefits? Given the potential for changes in compensation structures, it is essential for employees at Union Pacific Corporation to comprehend how their average compensation is determined and how this figure might impact their retirement planning.

Calculation of Final Average Compensation: The pension plan calculates an employee's final average compensation based on the average monthly compensation over the 36-consecutive month period out of the last 120 months of active participation that yields the highest average. This includes base pay, overtime, and certain incentive and bonus payments. Understanding this calculation is crucial for employees to appreciate how raises, bonuses, and other compensation changes might impact their pension benefits.

What forms of payment options are available to employees of Union Pacific Corporation when they choose to retire, and how do these options influence the total benefit received? Employees need detailed information on the different payment structures to make informed decisions that suit their financial needs in retirement.

Payment Options Available at Retirement: Union Pacific offers various payment options for pension benefits upon retirement. Employees can choose a lifetime annuity or opt for joint and survivor annuities, providing continued benefits to a designated beneficiary. Other options include certain annuities that guarantee payments for a set period, regardless of the employee's lifespan. These choices allow employees to tailor retirement benefits to their financial needs and family circumstances.

In what ways does Union Pacific Corporation integrate Social Security and Railroad Retirement benefits into the pension plan, and how does this integration affect the overall retirement income for employees? Employees should explore the implications of these benefits on their pensions to develop a comprehensive retirement income strategy.

Integration of Social Security and Railroad Retirement Benefits: The pension benefits are coordinated with Social Security or Railroad Retirement benefits through an offset formula in the pension plan. This integration reduces the pension benefit by a portion of the government retirement benefits projected at the time of retirement, reflecting that some of the funding for these benefits comes from Union Pacific. Employees need to understand how this interaction affects their total retirement income to plan effectively.

What strategies can employees of Union Pacific Corporation employ to maximize their pension benefits prior to retirement while adhering to IRS limits? Employees must be informed of practical steps they can take to enhance their benefits within the framework established by IRS guidelines.

Maximizing Pension Benefits: To maximize pension benefits under the IRS limits, Union Pacific employees can ensure they maximize their earnings during the final average compensation period, continue employment as long as possible to increase credited service, and make strategic decisions about retirement age and benefit commencement. Understanding the interplay of these factors with IRS contribution and benefit limits is essential for optimizing pension payouts.

How does the vesting schedule work within Union Pacific Corporation's pension plan, and what implications does this have for employees who leave the company before full vesting? An understanding of the vesting schedule is crucial for employees at Union Pacific Corporation to grasp the long-term benefits they might forfeit by leaving before they are fully vested.

Vesting Schedule: The vesting schedule is crucial as it determines an employee's entitlement to pension benefits upon leaving the company before retirement age. Union Pacific's plan requires employees to complete five years of vesting service to qualify for a vested benefit, which is payable as early as age 55. Employees considering leaving Union Pacific should be aware of how their vesting status might affect their pension entitlements.

What responsibilities do employees have to keep Union Pacific Corporation informed about their earnings records, particularly when claims for benefits arise, and what might happen if these records are not accurately reported? Employees should be aware of their duties to maintain their benefits and the potential consequences of noncompliance within the pension plan.

Responsibilities for Reporting Earnings: Employees are responsible for ensuring that Union Pacific has accurate records of their earnings to calculate pension benefits accurately. Failure to report or correct discrepancies in earnings records can lead to miscalculations in pension benefits, affecting retirement income. It's vital for employees to regularly review their earnings records and report any inaccuracies.

How does Union Pacific Corporation ensure compliance with ERISA regulations as they relate to employee retirement benefits, and what rights do employees have under these regulations? Employees of Union Pacific Corporation should familiarize themselves with their rights under ERISA to ensure they are adequately protected when claiming pension benefits.

Compliance with ERISA Regulations: Union Pacific ensures compliance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) regulations, which protect employees' rights to their pension benefits. Employees have specific rights under these regulations, including the right to receive information about their pension plan, appeal denials of benefits, and sue for benefits or breaches of fiduciary duty. Awareness of these rights is important for employees to safeguard their benefits.

What happens to the pension benefits of employees of Union Pacific Corporation in the event of a company merger or acquisition, and how can employees prepare for these changes? Understanding the potential impacts of organizational changes on their pension benefits can enable employees to safeguard their retirement plans.

Impact of Company Mergers or Acquisitions: In the event of a merger or acquisition, employees' pension benefits could be affected. Union Pacific's pension plan provisions include terms for handling benefits under such circumstances. Employees should be proactive in understanding how these corporate changes might impact their pension benefits and seek clarity on their rights and options.

How can employees of Union Pacific Corporation contact the Benefits Group to inquire further about the pension plan and related questions? Clear guidance on contacting the Benefits Group will assist employees in accessing the information necessary to navigate their retirement options effectively.

Contacting the Benefits Group: Employees with questions or who need assistance regarding their pension plan can contact Union Pacific's Benefits Group. Having the contact information handy ensures that employees can promptly address concerns or seek guidance about their retirement benefits, aiding in effective retirement planning.