In addition, no tax is paid on appreciation until withdrawals are made. At the point withdrawals are made (tax penalty for withdrawals before 59½ and required minimum distributions [RMDs] after 70) both appreciation and invested amounts are taxed as ordinary income.

On the other hand, we'd like to point out to our Phillips 66 clients that non-qualified plans are those (i.e. a standard brokerage
account) that are not eligible for tax-deferral benefits. Investments are paid
for with after-tax dollars. When appreciated shares are liquidated (a gain is
“realized”), the difference between cost basis (original cost at purchase) and sales price is taxed at either short-term or long-term capital gains rate depending on how long they were held, in addition to taxes paid on dividends the year they are received. Funds from non-qualified accounts are neither subject to early withdrawal penalties nor RMDs.

As you plan your financial future, understanding the full scope of Phillips 66's retirement benefits gives you the strongest foundation. According to publicly available information, Phillips 66 maintains a cash balance pension plan, which defines your retirement benefit as a hypothetical account balance that grows over your career through pay credits and interest credits. Under ERISA, cash balance plan benefits vest on a three-year cliff schedule. Phillips 66 also offers retiree healthcare benefits to eligible employees. Tying your Phillips 66 benefits into a unified retirement income strategy - where every component works together - provides the clearest view of your financial future.