2024 Tax Rates & Inflation
It is imperative for individuals to be aware of new changes made by the IRS. The main factors that will impact employees will be the following:
Retirement account contributions: Contributing to your company's 401k plan can cut your tax bill significantly, and the amount you can save has increased for 2024. The amount individuals can contribute to their 401(k) plans in 2024 will increase to $23,000 -- up from $22,500 for 2023. The catch-up contribution limit for employees age 50 and over will increase to $7,500.
There are important changes for the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) that you, as a taxpayer employed by a corporation, should know:
Deduction for cash charitable contributions: The special deduction that allowed single nonitemizers to deduct up to $300—and married filing jointly couples to deduct $600— in cash donations to qualifying charities has expired.
Child Tax Credit changes:
2024 Tax Brackets
Inflation reduces purchasing power over time as the same basket of goods will cost more as prices rise. In order to maintain the same standard of living throughout your retirement after leaving your company, you will have to factor rising costs into your plan. While the Federal Reserve strives to achieve a 2% inflation rate each year, in 2023 that rate shot up to 4.9% which was a drastic increase from 2020’s 1.4%. While prices as a whole have risen dramatically, there are specific areas to pay attention to if you are nearing or in retirement from your company, like healthcare.
It is crucial to take all of these factors into consideration when constructing your holistic plan for retirement from your company.
*Source: IRS.gov, Yahoo, Bankrate, Forbes
Please choose a date that works for you from the available dates highlighted on the calendar.
No matter where you stand in the planning process, or your current age, we hope this guide provides you a good overview of the steps to take and resources that help you simplify your transition from your company into retirement and get the most from your benefits.
You know you need to be saving and investing, especially since time is on your side the sooner you start, but you don’t have the time or expertise to know if you’re building retirement savings that can last after leaving your company.
Source: Is it Worth the Money to Hire a Financial Advisor? The Balance, 2021
Starting to save as early as possible matters. Time on your side means compounding can have significant impacts on your future savings. And, once you’ve started, continuing to increase and maximize your contributions for your 401(k) plan is key.
*Source: Bridging the Gap Between 401(k) Sponsors and Participants, T.Rowe Price, 2020
As decades go by, you’re likely full swing into your career at your company and your income probably reflects that. However, the challenges of saving for retirement start coming from large competing expenses: a mortgage, raising children, and saving for their college.
One of the classic planning conflicts is saving for retirement versus saving for college. Most financial planners will tell you that retirement from your company should be your top priority because your child can usually find support from financial aid while you’ll be on your own to fund your retirement.
How much we recommend that you invest towards your retirement is always based on your unique financial situation and goals. However, consider investing a minimum of 10% of your salary toward retirement through your 30s and 40s.
As you enter your 50s and 60s, you’re ideally at your peak earning years with some of your major expenses, such as a mortgage or child-rearing, behind you or soon to be in the rearview mirror. This can be a good time to consider whether you have the ability to boost your retirement savings goal to 20% or more of your income. For many people, this could potentially be the last opportunity to stash away funds.
In 2024, workers age 50 or older can invest up to $23,000 into their retirement plan/401(k), and once they meet this limit, they can add an additional $7,500 in catch-up contributions for a combined annual total of $30,500. These limits are adjusted annually for inflation.
These retirement savings vehicles give you the chance to take advantage of three main benefits:
General Mills Pension
Eligibility Service
*Eligibility Service is generally your total service as an employee of the Company (or one of its subsidiaries or affiliated businesses while part of the Company) beginning with your first day of employment and ending with your termination date, your retirement date, or your date of death, whichever occurs first. A 12-month period of service is one year of Eligibility Service. Periods of less than 12 months are prorated. Eligibility Service requirements for pensions are as follows:
Benefit Service
The amount of your pension benefit is based on your years of Benefit Service as an active participant in the Retirement Plan. Benefit Service is determined as follows:
Normal and Late Retirement Pension
Your Normal Retirement Date is the first day of the month coinciding with or following your attainment of age 65. If you retire after your Normal Retirement Date, the first day of the month following your termination of employment will be your Late Retirement Date and will also be the first day you are eligible to receive your pension. Normal and late retirement pensions are calculated in the same manner. The amount of your pension is based on your years of Benefit Service and the negotiated benefit level on your termination of employment date.
Example: Normal Retirement
John was born on January 10, 1959. His last day of work is January 31, 2024. His Normal Retirement Date is February 1, 2024, (first of the month following 65th birthday). He has 28 years of Benefit Service as of February 1, 2024. His monthly-accrued benefit at age 65 in the Life Only form of payment is $2,380.
(Benefit Level: $85) x (Years of Benefit Service: 28)
=
Monthly Lifetime Pension: $,2,380
Early Retirement Pension
You are eligible for early retirement benefits if you have at least 10 years of Eligibility Service and terminate employment after age 55 and before age 65. If you retire between these ages, you may elect to start receiving your pension benefits effective the first of the month following your termination of employment, or the first day of any month you specify, but no later than age 65. Your Early Retirement Pension will be calculated in the same manner as a Normal Retirement Pension. However, your pension will be reduced if your Early Retirement Pension payments begin before you reach age 62. The table above shows the percentage of your Normal Retirement Pension you will receive at each age.
If you retire with 30 or more years of service and commence benefits on or after age 60, your pension will be reduced, and you will receive the following percentage of your Normal Retirement Pension:
If your employment is terminated because of a “plant shutdown” and you have completed 25 or more years of Eligibility Service, you are eligible for an Early Retirement Pension even though you have not met the minimum Early Retirement Pension requirements of age 55 with 10 years of Eligibility Service. In this case, your Early Retirement Pension under the Life Only form of payment will be calculated in the same manner as a regular Early Retirement Pension assuming you were age 55 at the time of your separation. The first payment shall be made to you on the first of the month following the date of your separation and will continue until the first day of the month in which your death occurs unless the form of payment option chosen otherwise provides for payment after your death. However, see the Forms of Payment section for details on how the Level Income Option is calculated if you commence benefits before age 55.
Example: Early Retirement
Carol retires on March 1, 2024, at age 60 with 20 years of Benefit Service. Her monthly accrued benefit payable at age 65 in the Life Only form of payment equals $1,700.
(Benefit Level: $85) x (Years of Benefit Service: X 20)
=
Total Benefit: $1,700
If she starts her pension benefits at age 60, she will receive 94% of her monthly accrued benefit payable at age 65.
(Age 65 Benefit: $1,700) x (Early Retirement Reduction Factor: X .94)
=
Monthly Life Only Pension: $1,598
Vested Pension
If you have completed at least five years of Eligibility Service and leave the company before reaching age 55, you will be vested in your accrued pension benefit from the Plan. If the total single sum value of your pension benefit under the Plan is $5,000 or less at the time you leave the Company, you will automatically receive a lump sum in lieu of monthly payments. See Single Sum Payments for more information. If the total single sum value of your pension benefit is greater than $5,000, you will be entitled to a monthly Vested Pension benefit which can begin on or after you reach age 55 and must begin no later than age 65. Your Vested Pension benefit will be equal to the amount of your accrued benefit earned as of the date your employment ends (or the date you become ineligible to accrue additional benefits under the Plan, if earlier). If you choose to begin to receive benefits prior to age 65, your monthly benefits will be reduced to reflect the longer payment period. The table to the left shows the percentage of your Normal Retirement Pension that you would receive at each age.
Example: Vested Pension
Michael leaves the Company on February 3, 2024, at age 35 with 8 years of Benefit Service with the Company. His monthly-accrued benefit payable at age 65 is $680 ($85 benefit level times 8 years of Benefit Service). If he elects to have his pension benefits begin at age 55, his monthly Life Only benefit payable from the plan will be equal to 60% of $680, or $408.
General Mills Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
General Mills provides various equity compensation plans to its employees, including stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs). These plans are designed to align the interests of employees with those of shareholders, incentivizing long-term performance and retention.
Stock Options
Stock options give employees the right to purchase a certain number of shares of General Mills stock at a predetermined price, known as the exercise or strike price, after a specified vesting period.
1. Granting of Options: Stock options are granted to employees based on their role, performance, and tenure with the company. The strike price is typically set at the market price of the stock on the grant date.
2. Vesting Schedule: Options usually vest over a period of several years. For instance, an employee might be granted options that vest at 25% per year over four years.
3. Exercising Options: Once vested, employees can exercise their options, meaning they can buy the stock at the strike price. The difference between the market price at the time of exercise and the strike price represents the employee's gain.
4. Expiration: Stock options have an expiration date, often ten years from the grant date, by which they must be exercised or they will expire worthless.
Example Calculation
Consider an employee granted 1,000 stock options with a strike price of $50. If the current market price of General Mills stock is $70, the employee can exercise the options and purchase the shares for $50 each, then sell them at $70, resulting in a gain of $20 per share.
· Grant: 1,000 options at $50 strike price.
· Market Price at Exercise: $70.
· Gain per Share: $70 - $50 = $20.
· Total Gain: 1,000 shares x $20 = $20,000.
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
RSUs are company shares given to employees as part of their compensation. Unlike stock options, RSUs do not require the employee to purchase the stock at a strike price.
1. Granting of RSUs: Employees are granted a certain number of RSUs, which will convert to company shares upon vesting.
2. Vesting Schedule: RSUs typically vest over several years. For example, an employee might receive 400 RSUs that vest at 100 shares per year over four years.
3. Receiving Shares: Upon vesting, the employee receives the company shares, which can then be held or sold. The value of the shares at vesting is considered taxable income.
4. Tax Considerations: The market value of the shares at the time of vesting is subject to income tax, and any subsequent gain or loss upon selling the shares is subject to capital gains tax.
Example Calculation
Consider an employee granted 400 RSUs, vesting over four years (100 RSUs per year). If the market price at each vesting date is $60, the employee receives shares worth $60 each year.
· Year 1 Vesting: 100 shares x $60 = $6,000.
· Year 2 Vesting: 100 shares x $60 = $6,000.
· Year 3 Vesting: 100 shares x $60 = $6,000.
· Year 4 Vesting: 100 shares x $60 = $6,000.
· Total Value at Vesting: $24,000.
General Mills 409A Deferred and Executive Compensation Supplemental Savings Plan
General Mills offers a 409A deferred compensation plan and executive compensation supplemental savings plan to provide additional retirement savings opportunities and benefits for its executives and key employees. These plans are designed to supplement the standard retirement benefits and align with IRS regulations under section 409A.
Key Features of the 409A Deferred Compensation Plan
1. Eligibility: The 409A deferred compensation plan is generally available to senior executives and highly compensated employees. Eligibility is determined based on position, salary level, and other criteria established by General Mills.
2. Deferral of Compensation: Participants can elect to defer a portion of their salary, bonuses, and other forms of compensation into the plan. These deferrals are not subject to income tax until they are distributed.
3. Investment Options: Deferred amounts are credited to accounts that mirror the performance of selected investment options. While the investments are notional and do not represent actual ownership, they provide a way to grow the deferred compensation based on market performance.
4. Vesting: The plan may include a vesting schedule for company contributions, if applicable. Typically, employee deferrals are fully vested immediately, while company contributions vest over a period of years.
5. Distribution: Participants elect the timing and form of distribution at the time of deferral. Options typically include lump-sum payments or installment distributions beginning at retirement, a specified future date, or upon separation from service.
6. Compliance with 409A: The plan adheres to IRS regulations under section 409A, which set strict requirements for election timing, distribution events, and penalties for non-compliance.
Executive Compensation Supplemental Savings Plan
1. Purpose: This plan is designed to provide additional retirement benefits to executives beyond the limits imposed by qualified retirement plans. It supplements the standard 401(k) and pension plans.
2. Eligibility: Similar to the 409A plan, this supplemental savings plan is available to senior executives and other key employees.
3. Contributions: General Mills may contribute additional amounts to the plan on behalf of eligible executives. These contributions are often tied to company performance and executive performance metrics.
4. Vesting and Forfeiture: Contributions typically vest over several years. Vesting schedules encourage long-term retention of key executives.
5. Distribution and Taxation: Distributions from the supplemental savings plan are subject to income tax when received. The timing and form of distribution are generally flexible, allowing for lump-sum payments or installments.
Example of Deferred Compensation Calculation
Assume an executive, John, elects to defer $50,000 of his annual bonus into the 409A plan. Over ten years, with an average annual return of 5%, the deferred amount grows as follows:
1. Initial Deferral: $50,000.
2. Annual Growth: 5% per year.
3. Future Value Calculation: Using the formula for compound interest: FV=PV×(1+r)nFV = PV \times (1 + r)^nFV=PV×(1+r)n.
· Year 1: $50,000 \times 1.05 = $52,500.
· Year 10: $50,000 \times (1.05)^{10} = $81,445.
John’s deferred compensation would grow to approximately $81,445 over ten years.
Forms of Payment
The forms of payment available under the Plan are described below. To elect a form of payment other than the “normal form” (as described below), you must make an election in writing before the first day of the month in which your benefits will begin. Elections can be made no more than 90 days prior to the date your pension benefit is to begin. If you do not elect a form of pension prior to the date that pension benefits must begin, your benefits will be paid in the "normal form". If you are married and want to (1) elect a form of payment that would not provide your spouse with a surviving spouse benefit at least as great as the 50% Joint and Survivor Annuity, or (2) name someone other than your spouse as a joint annuitant, your spouse must waive his or her right to the "normal form" of pension payment. The waiver must be in writing, must be specific as to the form of payment being elected and as to the designation of anyone other than the spouse as a joint annuitant, if applicable, and the spouse’s signature must be notarized. You may only choose one joint annuitant, and that joint annuitant cannot be your estate. If the monthly pension amount payable to a joint annuitant would be less than $10, a joint annuitant cannot be named.
Life Only Annuity
This payment option will provide you with a monthly pension payable for your lifetime. Upon your death, no further pension payments will be made. This is the "normal form" of payment for participants who are single at the time pension benefits begin.
50% Joint and Survivor Annuity
This payment option will provide you with a reduced monthly lifetime pension. Upon your death, your designated joint annuitant will receive 50% of your monthly pension if he or she survives you. Should your joint annuitant die after your benefits start, you will continue to receive the reduced benefit amount and upon your death all benefits will stop. This is the “normal form" of payment for a participant who is married at the time benefits begin, with his or her spouse named as the joint annuitant. If you and your joint annuitant are the same age and pension commences the first of the month following your 65th birthday, the amount of the pension that would be payable to you under this option is 87% of the Life Only amount. If your joint annuitant is older than you, the 87% amount will be increased by .8% for each year the joint annuitant is older. If your joint annuitant is younger than you, the 87% amount will be decreased by .8% for each year the joint annuitant is younger.
Example: Sharon starts pension payments at age 55. Her joint annuitant is 57 (2 years older than Sharon). Her monthly pension under the Life Only option beginning at age 55 is $842. If she elects a 50% Joint and Survivor Annuity, her monthly benefit decreases to $746.01, calculated as shown: $842 x [.87 + (.008 x 2 years)] = $746.01
75% Joint and Survivor Annuity
This payment option will provide you with a reduced monthly lifetime pension. Upon your death, your designated joint annuitant will receive 75% of your monthly pension if he or she survives you. Should your joint annuitant die after your benefits start, you will continue to receive the reduced benefit amount and upon your death all benefits will stop. If you and your joint annuitant are the same age and pension commences the first of the month following your 65th birthday, the amount of the pension that would be payable to you under this option is 83% of the Life Only amount. If your joint annuitant is older than you, the 83% amount will be increased by .8% for each year the joint annuitant is older. If your joint annuitant is younger than you, the 83% amount will be decreased by .8% for each year the joint annuitant is younger.
Example: Susan starts pension payments at age 55. Her joint annuitant is 57 (2 years older than Susan). Her monthly pension under the Life Only option beginning at age 55 is $1,114. If she elects a 75% Joint and Survivor Annuity, her monthly benefit decreases to $942.44, calculated as shown:
$1,114 x [.83 + (.008 x 2 years)] = $942.44
100% Joint and Survivor Annuity
This payment option will provide you with a reduced monthly lifetime pension. Upon your death, your designated joint annuitant will receive 100% of your monthly pension if he or she survives you. Should your joint annuitant die after your benefits start, you will continue to receive the reduced benefit amount and upon your death all benefits will stop. If you and your joint annuitant are the same age and pension commences the first of the month following your 65th birthday, the amount of the pension that would be payable to you under this option is 79% of the Life Only option. If your joint annuitant is older than you, the 79% amount will be increased by .8% for each year the joint annuitant is older. If your joint annuitant is younger than you, the 79% amount will be decreased by .8% for each year the joint annuitant is younger.
Example: Steve starts his pension payments at age 61. His joint annuitant is 58 (3 years younger than Steve). His monthly pension under the Life Only option beginning at age 61 is $1,385. If he elects a 100% Joint and Survivor Annuity, his monthly benefit decreases to $1,060.91, calculated as shown:
$1,385 x [.79 – (.008 x 3 years)] = $1,060.91
Level Income
This payment option will provide an increased pension amount payable until the date you specify on your Application for Pension as the date you plan to begin receiving Social Security benefits. After such date, you will then receive a reduced pension amount for your lifetime, with no further payments made after your death. If you do not specify the date you plan to begin receiving Social Security benefits on your Application for Pension, the Plan assumes you will begin receiving Social Security benefits at age 62. The Level Income option cannot be selected if:
This option is available only to those retiring on an Early Retirement Pension. Your Early Retirement Pension is computed by adding a percentage of your projected Social Security benefit to your pension amount payable under the Life Only option. The percentage of the projected Social Security benefit added to your Life Only amount is based on the number of years between the date pension benefits begin and the date you indicated on your Application for Pension that you will begin receiving Social Security benefits. Your projected Social Security benefit will be calculated based on your actual General Mills earnings history and estimated earnings for years prior to your employment with General Mills. The resulting amount is payable until the date you have indicated you will begin to receive your Social Security benefits on your Application for Pension. At that time, your pension will be reduced by 100% of your projected Social Security benefit. The table above shows the percentage of projected Social Security benefits added to your Life Only amount.
Example: Level Income option
Chris retires at age 57 with a pension of $1,240 per month (based on the Life Only option) and a projected age 62 Social Security benefit of $800 per month. Chris will receive a monthly pension payment of $1,740 until he reaches age 62. After he attains age 62, his monthly pension payment will be $940 until his death. The calculation is as follows:
Single Lump Sum Payments
Your pension benefit will automatically be paid as a lump sum, in lieu of monthly payments, if the total single sum present value of your pension benefit under the Plan is $5,000 or less (or the amount set by federal law, if higher) at the time you retire or terminate. The single sum payment is calculated as of the date of the distribution. The assumptions used to calculate the single sum payment are based on the mortality and interest rate assumptions required by federal regulations in effect on October 1 of the preceding Plan Year (the "Plan Year" is January 1 through December 31). If you receive a lump sum distribution that is greater than $1,000 and equal to or less than $5,000 prior to reaching Normal Retirement Age, and you do not make an election regarding your lump sum distribution, it will be automatically rolled over to an individual retirement account. You will have the opportunity to have the payment in a lump sum sent directly to you or to have the payment rolled over to another qualified retirement plan or to an individual retirement account of your choice.
Retirees who are eligible for a pension are often offered the choice of receiving their pension payments for life, or receive a lump-sum amount all-at-once. The lump sum is the equivalent present value of the monthly pension income stream – with the idea that you could then take the money (rolling it over to an IRA), invest it, and generate your own cash flow by taking systematic withdrawals throughout your retirement years.
The upside of electing the monthly pension is that the payments are guaranteed to continue for life (at least to the extent that the pension plan itself remains in place and solvent and doesn’t default). Thus, whether you live 10, 20, 30, or more years after retiring from your company, you don’t have to worry about the risk of outliving the monthly pension.
The major downside of the monthly pension are the early and untimely passing of the retiree and joint annuitant. This often translates into a reduction in the benefit or the pension ending altogether upon the passing. The other downside, it that, unlike Social Security, company pensions rarely contain a COLA (Cost of Living Allowance). As a result, with the dollar amount of monthly pension remaining the same throughout retirement, it will lose purchasing power when the rate of inflation increases.
In contrast, selecting the lump-sum gives you the potential to invest, earn more growth, and potentially generate even greater retirement cash flow. Additionally, if something happens to you, any unused account balance will be available to a surviving spouse or heirs. However, if you fail to invest the funds for sufficient growth, there’s a danger that the money could run out altogether and you may regret not having held onto the pension’s “income for life” guarantee.
Ultimately, the “risk” assessment that should be done to determine whether or not you should take the lump sum or the guaranteed lifetime payments that your company pension offers, depends on what kind of return must be generated on that lump-sum to replicate the payments of the annuity. After all, if it would only take a return of 1% to 2% on that lump-sum to create the same monthly pension cash flow stream, there is less risk that you will outlive the lump-sum. However, if the pension payments can only be replaced with a higher and much riskier rate of return, there is, in turn, a greater risk those returns won’t manifest and you could run out of money.
The General Mills 401(k) Plan is a qualified retirement plan, in addition to an ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan. The Plan allows you to save for retirement on a tax-favored basis through a combination of contributions you make through payroll deductions while receiving matching contributions made on behalf of by General Mills. The Plan gives you the responsibility to invest the contributions in a broad array of investment choices.
These days “retirement” can mean different things to different people. Ultimately, preparing for retirement is your responsibility. The Plan is important in terms of helping you accomplish your retirement planning goals. The ability to save on a tax-favored basis has been shown to be a powerful savings vehicle towards meeting your financial needs and goals during your golden years.
ELIGIBILITY AND ENROLLMENT
You are eligible for the retirement program if:
• You are a non-union non-production employee, and
• You were initially hired or last rehired on and before May 31, 2013, as a regular or casual employee, and
• You work at a location that has adopted the Plan, OR
• You are a non-union production employee initially hired or last rehired before January 1, 2018, and
• You are classified by General Mills as a regular or casual employee, and
• You work at a location that has adopted the Plan
These individuals become eligible to participate on the date they become permanent U.S. regular or casual employees (formerly known as full-time, part-time, short-hour or regular non-scheduled).
You were eligible for the Plan on your first day of employment or your first day of eligibility, if later.
Automatic Enrollment and Annual Increase Option
When you were eligible for the Plan, you may have been automatically enrolled. If you took no further action, were automatically enrolled and you have been in the Plan for at least 12 months, your contribution rate will automatically increase by 1% each year until it reaches 10%.
If you take affirmative action (e.g., change your contribution rate) contributions will escalate on the next regular escalation date. You will be notified in advance of each increase, and you will have an opportunity to decline or make changes.
Note: If you voluntarily terminate your employment, you may not be eligible to receive the annual contribution.
Your Contributions
Earnable Compensation
Earnable compensation generally includes base pay, overtime, incentives/bonuses, commissions, vacation and holiday pay, bereavement, jury duty, sick and emergency paid time-off and other payments made as cash compensation for services as noted in the Plan. If you are on a leave of absence, you are unable to contribute to the Plan unless you receive earnable compensation during your leave.
Maximum Contribution Rates
Most employees can elect to contribute up to 50% (pre-tax and Roth 401(k) combined) of total earnable compensation to the Plan. For those employees eligible to make catch-up contributions, the maximum combined rate for pre-tax, Roth 401(k) and catch-up contributions cannot exceed 80%. Catch-up contributions alone cannot be greater than 50%.
Highly Compensated Employees (HCEs) can elect to contribute up to 15% (pre-tax and Roth 401(k) combined) of total earnable compensation. For HCEs eligible to make catch-contributions, the maximum combined rate for pre-tax and Roth 401(k) contributions cannot exceed 65%. Catch-up contributions alone cannot be greater than 50%.
Annual Dollar Limits
There is an annual dollar limit on the combined amount of pre-tax and Roth 401(k) contributions that may be made by individuals. This limit is subject to change each calendar year. You may check My Benefits or call the Benefits Service Center for the current year’s limit. Your contributions will stop when you reach the limit for the calendar year. Your paycheck will be your notification that your contributions have stopped. With the start of each new calendar year, your contributions will automatically resume to your contribution rate election on file.
You should be aware the annual dollar limit is an aggregate limit that applies to all deferrals you may make under this Plan or any other cash or deferred arrangements (including tax-sheltered 403(b) annuity contracts, simplified employee pensions or other 401(k) plans, including Roth 401(k) plans, in which you may be participating). Generally, if your total deferrals under all cash or deferred arrangements for a calendar year exceed the annual dollar limit, the excess must be included in your income for the year. For this reason, it is desirable to request in writing that these excess deferrals be returned to you. If you fail to request such a return, you may be taxed a second time when the excess deferral is ultimately distributed from the Plan. You must decide which plan or arrangement you would like to have return the excess. If you decide that the excess should be distributed from this Plan, you must communicate this in writing to the Benefits Service Center no later than the April 1 following the close of the calendar year in which the excess deferrals were made. The excess deferral and any earnings will be returned to you by April 15th.
Pre-Tax Contributions
Pre-tax contributions are deducted from your pay before taxes and therefore reduce your current taxable income. As a result, your federal and most state taxes will be calculated on fewer dollars. Your 401(k) pre-tax contributions are taxable at the time they are distributed to you, unless they are rolled over to another tax-deferred qualified plan or an Individual Retirement Account (IRA). Earnings on these contributions will not be taxed while held in the Plan but will be taxed when distributed.
After-Tax Contributions
After-tax contributions were permitted until December 31, 2015. Some participants hired prior to that date may have an after-tax balance. After-tax contributions are not the same as Roth contributions; one difference being the earnings on after-tax contributions do not grow tax-free and are taxable at distribution. Provisions related to after-tax contributions are noted throughout this document as “after-tax” and provisions related Roth contributions are noted as “Roth”.
Company Match
For every dollar you contribute up to 6% of your earnable compensation, the Company will match 50 cents. The Company does not match any contributions over 6%.
Company Match vests over five years:
Over half of plan participants admit they don’t have the time, interest or knowledge needed to manage their 401(k) portfolio. But the benefits of getting help goes beyond convenience. Studies like this one, from Charles Schwab, show those plan participants who get help with their investments tend to have portfolios that perform better: The annual performance gap between those who get help and those who do not is 3.32% net of fees. This means a 45-year-old participant could see a 79% boost in wealth by age 65 simply by contacting an advisor. That’s a pretty big difference.
Getting help can be the key to better results across the 401(k) board.
A Charles Schwab study found several positive outcomes common to those using independent professional advice. They include:
Rolling Over Your 401(k)
Borrowing from your 401(k)
Should you? Maybe you lose your job with your company, have a serious health emergency, or face some other reason that you need a lot of cash. Banks make you jump through too many hoops for a personal loan, credit cards charge too much interest, and … suddenly, you start looking at your 401(k) account and doing some quick calculations about pushing your retirement from your company off a few years to make up for taking some money out.
We understand how you feel: It’s your money, and you need it now. But, take a second to see how this could adversely affect your retirement plans after leaving your company.
Consider these facts when deciding if you should borrow from your 401(k). You could:
When you qualify for a distribution, you have three options:
How does Net Unrealized Appreciation work?
First an employee must be eligible for a distribution from their qualified company-sponsored plan. Generally, at retirement or age 59 1⁄2, the employee takes a 'lump-sum' distribution from the plan, distributing all assets from the plan during a 1-year period. The portion of the plan that is made up of mutual funds and other investments can be rolled into an IRA for further tax deferral. The highly appreciated company stock is then transferred to a non-retirement account.
The tax benefit comes when you transfer the company stock from a tax-deferred account to a taxable account. At this time, you apply NUA and you incur an ordinary income tax liability on only the cost basis of your stock. The appreciated value of the stock above its basis is not taxed at the higher ordinary income tax but at the lower long-term capital gains rate, currently 15%. This could mean a potential savings of over 30%.
You may be interested in learning more about NUA with a complimentary one-on-one session with a financial advisor from The Retirement Group.
When you qualify for a distribution, you have three options:
Your retirement assets may consist of several retirement accounts: IRAs, 401(k)s, taxable accounts, and others.
So, what is the most efficient way to take your retirement income after leaving your company?
You may want to consider meeting your income needs in retirement by first drawing down taxable accounts rather than tax-deferred accounts.
This may help your retirement assets with your company last longer as they continue to potentially grow tax deferred.
You will also need to plan to take the required minimum distributions (RMDs) from any company-sponsored retirement plans and traditional or rollover IRA accounts.
That is due to IRS requirements for 2024 to begin taking distributions from these types of accounts when you reach age 73. Beginning in 2024, the excise tax for every dollar of your RMD under-distributed is reduced from 50% to 25%.
There is new legislation that allows account owners to delay taking their first RMD until April 1 following the later of the calendar year they reach age 73 or, in a workplace retirement plan, retire.
Two flexible distribution options for your IRA
When you need to draw on your IRA for income or take your RMDs, you have a few choices. Regardless of what you choose, IRA distributions are subject to income taxes and may be subject to penalties and other conditions if you’re under 59½.
Partial withdrawals: Withdraw any amount from your IRA at any time. If you’re 73 or over, you’ll have to take at least enough from one or more IRAs to meet your annual RMD.
Systematic withdrawal plans: Structure regular, automatic withdrawals from your IRA by choosing the amount and frequency to meet your income needs after retiring from your company. If you’re under 59½, you may be subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty (unless your withdrawal plan meets Code Section 72(t) rules).
Your tax advisor can help you understand distribution options, determine RMD requirements, calculate RMDs, and set up a systematic withdrawal plan.
HSA's
Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) are often celebrated for their utility in managing healthcare expenses, particularly for those with high-deductible health plans. However, their benefits extend beyond medical cost management, positioning HSAs as a potentially superior retirement savings vehicle compared to traditional retirement plans like 401(k)s, especially after employer matching contributions are maxed out.
Understanding HSAs
HSAs are tax-advantaged accounts designed for individuals with high-deductible health insurance plans. For 2024, the IRS defines high-deductible plans as those with a minimum deductible of $1,600 for individuals and $3,200 for families. HSAs allow pre-tax contributions, tax-free growth of investments, and tax-free withdrawals for qualified medical expenses—making them a triple-tax-advantaged account.
The annual contribution limits for HSAs in 2024 are $4,150 for individuals and $8,300 for families, with an additional $1,000 allowed for those aged 55 and older. Unlike Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs), HSA funds do not expire at the end of the year; they accumulate and can be carried over indefinitely.
Comparing HSAs to 401(k)s Post-Matching
Once an employer's maximum match in a 401(k) is reached, further contributions yield diminished immediate financial benefits. This is where HSAs can become a strategic complement. While 401(k)s offer tax-deferred growth and tax-deductible contributions, their withdrawals are taxable. HSAs, in contrast, provide tax-free withdrawals for medical expenses, which are a significant portion of retirement costs.
HSA as a Retirement Tool
Post age 65, the HSA flexes its muscles as a robust retirement tool. Funds can be withdrawn for any purpose, subject only to regular income tax if used for non-medical expenses. This flexibility is akin to that of traditional retirement accounts, but with the added advantage of tax-free withdrawals for medical costs—a significant benefit given the rising healthcare expenses in retirement.
Furthermore, HSAs do not have Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs), unlike 401(k)s and Traditional IRAs, offering more control over tax planning in retirement. This makes HSAs particularly advantageous for those who might not need to tap into their savings immediately at retirement or who want to minimize their taxable income.
Investment Strategy for HSAs
Initially, it's prudent to invest conservatively within an HSA, focusing on ensuring that there are sufficient liquid funds to cover near-term deductible and other out-of-pocket medical expenses. However, once a financial cushion is established, treating the HSA like a retirement account by investing in a diversified mix of stocks and bonds can significantly enhance the account's growth potential over the long term.
Utilizing HSAs in Retirement
In retirement, HSAs can cover a range of expenses:
Conclusion
In summary, HSAs offer unique advantages that can make them a superior option for retirement savings, particularly after the benefits of 401(k) matching are maximized. Their flexibility in fund usage, coupled with tax advantages, makes HSAs an essential component of a comprehensive retirement strategy. By strategically managing contributions and withdrawals, individuals can maximize their financial health in retirement, keeping both their medical and financial well-being secure.
Divorce doesn’t disqualify you from survivor benefits. You can claim a divorced spouse’s survivor benefit if the following are true:
In the process of divorcing?
If your divorce isn’t final before your retirement date from your company, you’re still considered married. You have two options:
Source: The Retirement Group, “Retirement Plans - Benefits and Savings,” U.S. Department of Labor, 2019; “Generating Income That Will Last Throughout Retirement,” Fidelity, 2019
In the unfortunate event that you aren’t able to collect your benefits from your company, your survivor will be responsible for taking action.
What your survivor needs to do:
If you have a joint pension:
If your survivor has medical coverage through your company:
https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-provides-tax-inflation-adjustments-for-tax-year-2022
https://news.yahoo.com/taxes-2022-important-changes-to-know-164333287.html
https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/taxes/federal-income-tax-brackets
https://www.the-sun.com/money/4490094/key-tax-changes-for-2022/
https://www.bankrate.com/taxes/child-tax-credit-2022-what-to-know/